关于和?

关于和?
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Heshen (born 1750, China-died Feb. 22, 1799, Beijing) Infamous Chinese courtier who abused his influence with the Qianlong emperor to assume high ministerial positions and control revenue disbursements and personnel recruiting. His embezzlement of funds intended for suppressing the White Lotus rebellion prolonged the fighting and drove the imperial troops to looting, consequently undermining the authority of the Qing dynasty. He was arrested by the Qianlong emperor's successor and forced to commit suicide.

At the age of 25, Heshen was noticed by the Qianlong Emperor. Heshen was reportedly feminine and attractive in appearance, with very fair skin and long, red lips. This invoked a rumour of the reasons behind the emperor's fascination with this man.

It was whispered that when the Qianlong Emperor was still a young prince in the palace, one day, he had accidentally ran into the room of a consort, just as she was putting on her make-up. As a young prince with a childish nature, the future Emperor decided to play a prank on the consort, tiptoeing from behind her and scaring her with fright. The consort jumped at the sudden shock and whilst turning around, touched the future emperor. This was a direct breach of Imperial Protocol, and to some dismay, the action was witnessed by another court lady who was passing-by. The witness then went on to report the incident. The consort was then demoted, and in face of sudden humiliation, committed suicide by hanging. This incident had a profound impression on Hongli, and it was said that he found Heshen to be very similar in appearance to the consort. It had been hypothesised that perhaps Qianlong thought Heshen was the reincarnate of the consort, and thus he attempted to overcome his guilt through indulging Heshen with gifts and promotion.

It's also rumored that He Shen was the gay lover of the emperor. Although by this time in the Qing homosexuality was beginning to be frowned upon even though earlier emperors and literati engaged in homosexual acts up and into the Qing dynasty. At the time homosexuality was not frowned upon because of the Confucian moral to be chaste many men engaged in homosexual relationships prior to having married. One Confucian analect says that having a male friend is not against morality but even so eventually men had the filial duty to marry and produce children.

本文来源： Immanuel Hsü (1990). The Rise of Modern China. Oxford Press. 《崛起的当代中国》牛津出版社 书号ISBN 0-19-512504-5.

备注：
shen shēn〈名〉玉名 [a kind of a jade]

infamous adj. 声名狼籍的
courtier n. 朝臣, 奉承者, 拍马屁的人
ministerial adj.部长[牧师, 公使等]的; 部长级的; 部的行政(上)的代理的, 辅助的起作用的, 有帮助的; 有贡献的the ministerial prestige政府的威信ministerial
profession牧师的职业a conference on a ministerial level部长级会议
disburse vt.,vi.支付, 支出分配disburse a large amount of money for education支付大笔资金搞教育
personnel n.人员, 职员
recruit vt.使恢复, 补充, 征募
embezzlement n.贪污,盗用,侵吞,滥支【律】盗用公款; 监守自盗 embezzlement and theft贪污盗窃 commit embezzlement 盗用(公款); 犯贪污罪
prolong vt.拉长; 延长; 引伸拖延, 延期prolong one's life延长寿命prolong the runway of an airfield加长机场跑道
rebellion n.造反；反叛；起义When a lot of people rebel, there is a rebellion.当许多人造反时，就出现了起义。
loot vt.,vi.劫掠抢劫; 强夺(官吏)贪污The Japanese soldiers looted and massacred for three days in Nanjing.日本兵在南京掠夺屠杀了三天。
undermine vt. 在...下面掘地道; 削弱...的基础; 用阴险手段毁损, 伤害(健康等); 暗中破坏 undermine a wall 挖墙角 undermine sb.'s reputation 暗中破坏某人的名誉
reportedly adv. 据传说, 据传闻
feminine adj. 妇女(似)的, 娇柔的, 阴性的, 女性的
fair adj. 白皙的（皮肤）；浅色的（头发）English people usually have fair skin. 英国人通常是白皮肤。
invoke vt. 引起 invoke new problems 引起一些新的问题
fascination n.迷惑力；魅力The city has a fascination for him.这座城市对他很有吸引力。Old churches have a certain strange fascination for me.旧教堂对我具有某
种奇特的魅力。
whisper vt.低声述说; 秘密告诉It is whispered that ...据秘密传闻 She whispered the news in my ear.她对我悄悄说了这个消息。
consort n. 配偶（特指在位君主的夫或妻） 伙伴， 会员
childish adj. 孩子的；孩子气的；孩 子特有的 a childish game 儿童游戏 幼稚的；不成熟的；傻气的childish arguments 幼稚的论点
prank n. 恶作剧；开玩笑；戏谑
tiptoe vi.用脚尖走；踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地行进 I tiptoed past the sleeping child. 我踮着脚从睡着的孩子旁边走过。
fright[frait] n.惊骇, 吃惊

whilst adv., conj.当…时候有时，时时

protocol n.礼仪：正确的行为方式：a violation of safety protocols; academic protocol.See Synonyms at etiquette

dismay vt.使灰心, 使沮丧; 使惊愕 He was dismayed at the size of his adversary. 对手的魁伟身材使他丧失了勇气。
demote vt.使降级, 使降职 was demoted from captain to lieutenant;统领降为副手；
humiliation n.羞辱, 蒙耻
profound adj. 深刻的, 意义深远的, 渊博的, 造诣深的
hypothesis n.假设；前提This is only a sort of scientific hypothesis which has not been proved by experiments这仅仅是一个尚未被实验证明的科学假说。
reincarnate  vt. 赋予新肉体, 使转生
indulge vt. （常与in连用）放任；沉溺 He even indulged his children.他甚至于纵容孩子。使满足His father sometimes indulges in a cigarette.他的父亲有时喜欢抽一
支烟。
gay adj. <美俚>同性恋的, 放荡的, 快乐的 Homosexual.同性恋的 gay lover 同志
homosexuality n. 同性恋
frown upon 蹙眉而露出不悦之色,表示不赞成 frown [fraun] vi. 皱眉, 蹙额; 不悦, 不赞成 (at, on, upon) Don't frown at me like that. 不要那样对我皱眉(不高兴)。
literati n. 文人, 文学界
moral n.寓意；教训The moral of this story is that crime does not pay."这则故事的寓意是,犯罪是不值得的。"The moral of the story is that 'Solidarity is strength'.这个故事的教益在于'团结就是力量'。(pl) 行为原则；性行为准则
chaste adj.贞节的; 纯洁的高雅的; 有道德的((文体等)简洁的, 朴素的 ④[古]未婚的 chastely ad. chasteness n.
analecta n.(=analects)语录, 拔萃集, 论文集; 文选the " Analects " of Confucius《论语》
filial adj.子女的, 孝顺的【生】子代的, 后代的分公司的; 分局的, 支局的filial respect [obedience]对父母的孝敬[顺从]filial love子女的爱a filial generation【生】杂交后代, 子代first filial 杂交第一代, 子一代