佛教的万卍字?-Swastika or Greek Cross?
佛教的万卍字？
卍（梵文svastika，好运的象征）是佛教的标志，可以向左也可以向右。而纳粹德国纳粹党的标志是45度右旋,与此有区别。 中国唐代武则天将?定音为「万」，义为「吉祥万德之所集」。佛教中一般写作「卍」。中国传统纹样中就有使用这个符号的万字不到头。
在西藏原始宗教苯教中，卍字（g.yung drung）是「永恒不变」的象征，由于藏传佛教中使用的转经筒都是从左向右转，所以都写作「卍」。
西方语言中卍字称为swastika，这源于梵语。
Swastika on a Buddhist temple in Korea.
Buddhism was founded by a Hindu Prince and has thus inherited the swastika. These two symbols are included, at least since the Liao dynasty, as part of the Chinese language, the symbolic sign for the character 万 (wan) meaning "all", and "eternality" (lit. myriad) and as ? which is seldom used. A swastika marks the beginning of many Buddhist scriptures. The swastikas (in either orientation) appear on the chest of some statues of Gautama Buddha and is often incised on the soles of the feet of the Buddha in statuary. Because of the association with the right facing swastika with Nazism, Buddhist swastikas (outside India only) after the mid-20th century are almost universally left-facing. This form of the swastika is often found on Chinese food packaging to signify that the product is vegetarian and can be consumed by strict Buddhists. It is often sewn into the collars of Chinese children's clothing to protect them from evil spirits. Additionally, the left-facing swastika is found on Japanese maps to indicate a temple.
Swastika on a Buddhist temple in Korea.
Buddhism was founded by a Hindu Prince and has thus inherited the swastika. These two symbols are included, at least since the Liao dynasty, as part of the Chinese language, the symbolic sign for the character 万 (wan) meaning "all", and "eternality" (lit. myriad) and as ? which is seldom used. A swastika marks the beginning of many Buddhist scriptures. The swastikas (in either orientation) appear on the chest of some statues of Gautama Buddha and is often incised on the soles of the feet of the Buddha in statuary. Because of the association with the right facing swastika with Nazism, Buddhist swastikas (outside India only) after the mid-20th century are almost universally left-facing. This form of the swastika is often found on Chinese food packaging to signify that the product is vegetarian and can be consumed by strict Buddhists. It is often sewn into the collars of Chinese children's clothing to protect them from evil spirits. Additionally, the left-facing swastika is found on Japanese maps to indicate a temple.
It must be noted that left facing swastikas are seldom if ever found in Buddhism's home country of India. It is considered as evil in Indian Buddhism as it is in Hinduism or Jainism.
The swastika used in Buddhist art and scripture is known in Japanese as a manji, and represents Dharma, universal harmony, and the balance of opposites. When facing left, it is the omote (front) manji, representing love and mercy. Facing right, it represents strength and intelligence, and is called the ura (rear) manji. Balanced manji are often found at the beginning and end of Buddhist scriptures (outside India).
But the notion that Adolf Hitler deliberately inverted the "good left-facing" swastika is wholly unsupported by any historical evidence.
以上之文，我摘段翻译一些，以供不会英文的人，能稍微理解：
These two symbols are included, at least since the Liao dynasty, as part of the Chinese language, the symbolic sign for the character 万 (wan) meaning "all", and "eternality" (lit. myriad)
这一段是说：这两个符号，即是「卍」或「?」字，至少在辽朝以后，已被融入汉语之中，诠释着「包含一切」和「永恒」。
The swastikas (in either orientation) appear on the chest of some statues of Gautama Buddha and is often incised on the soles of the feet of the Buddha in statuary.
以上这段是：Swastikas（即「万」字符号），无论向左或向右方向的Swastika，都出现过在释迦牟尼佛像的胸部之上，也常刻在佛像的脚心之上。
Because of the association with the right facing swastika with Nazism, Buddhist swastikas (outside India only) after the mid-20th century are almost universally left-facing.
以上这段是：因为向右的 Swastika 被世人与法西斯挂钩，二十世纪中之后（在印度以外）的Swastika符号几乎都是向左的。
It must be noted that left facing swastikas are seldom if ever found in Buddhism's home country of India.
以上这段是：必须指出的是，向左的Swastika 在佛教发起地的印度，是很少见的。
The swastika used in Buddhist art and scripture is known in Japanese as a manji, and represents Dharma, universal harmony, and the balance of opposites.
以上这段是：Swastika在佛教艺术或经典中，在日本是被叫为「manji」，这代表着佛法，尽虚空，遍法界的祥和（和睦，和气）和正反的平衡。
When facing left, it is the omote (front) manji, representing love and mercy.
向左时，代表着慈与悲。
Facing right, it represents strength and intelligence, and is called the ura (rear) manji.
向右时，代表着力量、毅力（精勤，精进的力量）和智慧。
But the notion that Adolf Hitler deliberately inverted the "good left-facing" swastika is wholly unsupported by any historical evidence.
说希特勒故意把「好的向左的Swastika」翻转过来用，这是毫无历史根据的。
These two symbols are included, at least since the Liao dynasty, as part of the Chinese language, the symbolic sign for the character 万 (wan) meaning "all", and "eternality" (lit. myriad)
这一段是说：这两个符号，即是「卍」或「?」字，至少在辽朝以后，已被融入汉语之中，诠释着「包含一切」和「永恒」。
The swastikas (in either orientation) appear on the chest of some statues of Gautama Buddha and is often incised on the soles of the feet of the Buddha in statuary.
以上这段是：Swastikas（即「万」字符号），无论向左或向右方向的Swastika，都出现过在释迦牟尼佛像的胸部之上，也常刻在佛像的脚心之上。
Because of the association with the right facing swastika with Nazism, Buddhist swastikas (outside India only) after the mid-20th century are almost universally left-facing.
以上这段是：因为向右的 Swastika 被世人与法西斯挂钩，二十世纪中之后（在印度以外）的Swastika符号几乎都是向左的。
It must be noted that left facing swastikas are seldom if ever found in Buddhism's home country of India.
以上这段是：必须指出的是，向左的Swastika 在佛教发起地的印度，是很少见的。
The swastika used in Buddhist art and scripture is known in Japanese as a manji, and represents Dharma, universal harmony, and the balance of opposites.
以上这段是：Swastika在佛教艺术或经典中，在日本是被叫为「manji」，这代表着佛法，尽虚空，遍法界的祥和（和睦，和气）和正反的平衡。
When facing left, it is the omote (front) manji, representing love and mercy.
向左时，代表着慈与悲。
Facing right, it represents strength and intelligence, and is called the ura (rear) manji.
向右时，代表着力量、毅力（精勤，精进的力量）和智慧。
But the notion that Adolf Hitler deliberately inverted the "good left-facing" swastika is wholly unsupported by any historical evidence.
说希特勒故意把「好的向左的Swastika」翻转过来用，这是毫无历史根据的。
（注意：之前已说过：?（梵文svastika，好运的象征）是佛教的标志，可以向左也可以向右。而纳粹德国纳粹党的标志是45度右旋,与此有区别。）
The emblem of Nazi Germany, officially adopted in 1935.
万十字章：德国纳粹党的标志，1935年正式起用
An ancient cosmic or religious symbol formed by a Greek cross with the ends of the arms bent at right angles in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction.
万字饰：一个古老的宇宙或宗教象征，由希腊十字的各端成顺时针或逆时针字弯成直角而形成
Sanskrit svastika¡} [sign of good luck, swastika]
梵文 svastika¡} [好运的象征，万字饰]
from svasti [well-being] * see su-
源自 svasti [康乐] *参见 su-
swastika n.
卍（古代的太阳标志）
卐（纳粹党党徽）
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