中国玉文化 Chinese Jade Culture

中国玉文化

中西合璧如何翻译？
zhong xi he bi - a combination of Chinese and Western

Jade-中西合璧的新鲜感受 East meets west with jade beauty

jade+mansion 琼楼玉宇

jade

玉--玉为人所珍爱之物。

巴萨罗那--Jade：中文意思的"玉"。玉自古被誉为吉祥、避邪之物,权利和财富的象征;高尚纯洁,典雅华贵,安乐幸福。景逸是由世界上著名的国际研发公司联合打造的，做工精益求精。大空间、时尚的外形、澎湃的动力、以及超强的操控性让景逸无疑成为了家庭选车的最佳车选。而且，值得一提的是，在这个安全至上的年代，景逸的安全碰撞指标更是达到了四星，据说这在国内是不多见的，因此，起名为JADE，象征吉祥平安，成为我们在路上的安全伴侣。

Jady

Jim--和景逸音似，最主要的是英文含义非常的优雅和高贵。

Jady意为"如玉一样的"，在中国的传统中，玉是祥和、宁静的象征。在一定程度上玉也代表了中国式的生活，且与"景逸"的内涵十分契合。同时Jady的发音与"景逸"有着很好的联合性，且单词本身十分简单，利于人们口头传诵，相信这个名字能够很好的诠释中国式品质生活的内涵，为风行走向世界创造条件。

Jady意为如玉一样的，有中国特色，音也相似。

珠联璧合 Perfect match

和氏之璧

楚国人和氏，在楚山上得到一块未经雕琢的玉石。凭着多年的经验，他知道石头中间是一块价值连城的宝玉。他捧着玉石去献给楚厉王。厉王让玉匠鉴别。玉匠说是一块普通的石头。厉王十分生气，下令砍掉了和氏的左脚。厉王死后，武王接位。和氏又捧着玉石去献给武王。武王手下的玉匠依然一口咬定是块普通的石头。武王又下令砍掉了和氏的右脚。武王死后，文王登位。和氏抱着那块玉石在楚山脚下号啕（táo）大哭，哭了三天三夜，眼泪流干了，滴出了血。

文王听到这件事后，就派人问和氏痛哭的原因。和氏说："我不是为被砍去了双脚而伤心，我只恨乾坤（qián kūn）颠倒，黑白混淆，宝石被说成
石头，忠诚被诬为欺诈。这才是最令人痛心的啊！"文王吩咐玉匠把和氏奉献的玉石凿开来验看，发现里面果然是一块上好的宝玉。后来，世上就把这块宝玉称为"和氏之璧"。

[提示]
在事实和真理面前，敢于坚持自己正确的认识，不怕砍去双脚，甚至不怕杀头，这就是和氏可贵的品格。正因为有了这种品格，和氏终于使是文王作出了合乎事实的结论，恢复了他的名誉，并使宝玉得见天日。对待是非都应具有这种精神。

和氏之璧故事之二

楚国有一件叫做和氏璧的宝玉，为赵惠文王所得，秦昭王听说后，表示愿意用15城换取和氏璧。赵惠文王召见蔺相如，蔺相如表示愿带和氏璧去秦国，如果赵国得到秦国的城邑，就将和氏璧留在秦国，反之，一定完璧归赵。蔺相如到秦国后，将和氏璧献上，秦昭王大喜，却全无将城邑给赵之意。蔺相如说玉上有一小疵点，要指给秦昭王看，拿回了宝玉。他在庭柱旁站定，说：赵王担心秦国自恃强大，得和氏璧而不给城邑，经过我劝说方才答应。赵王斋戒5天，然后才让我捧璧前来，以示对秦国威严的尊重和敬意。不料大王礼仪简慢，毫无交割城邑的诚意，现在若大王一定要抢走宝玉，我宁可将脑袋与宝玉一起在柱子上撞碎。秦昭王无奈，只得划出15个城邑给赵。蔺相如估计秦昭王不过是假意应付，便提出要秦昭王也应斋戒5日，再郑重其事地交换。秦昭王只好应允。蔺相如便派随从怀藏和氏璧，偷偷从小道返回赵国。秦昭王斋戒完毕，举行交换仪式时，蔺相如才把送和氏璧回赵之事告诉秦昭王，从而保全了和氏璧。

There is a allusion which can show the position of the jade in Chinese culture-Return the Jade Intactly to the State of Zhao. The state of Chu had a piece of precious jade called Heshibi which belonged to ZhaoHuiwen wang. QinZhao wang heard it and wondered to change the jade with his 15 cities. LinXiangru-the subordinates of ZhaoHuiwen wang said he would like to go to the state of Qin. If they got the cities, he would leave the jade in the state of Qin, whereas he would return the jade intactly to the state of Zhao. QinZhao wang was very happy when saw the jade which LinXiangru presented, but it seemed that he didn't want to give cities to the state of Zhao. Then LinXiangru lied and said there was flaw on the jade and wanted to show it to him. So he brought the jade back.He stood beside the post of the hall and said, "Zhao wang worried that you did not give the cities to us after you got the jade due to your strong power. Zhao wang abstained from meat and wine for five days for respecting. But you don't have good faith at all. If you want to seize this jade, I'd rather bump against the post with the jade." QinZhaowang had no way so he agreed to give the state of Zhao 15 cities. LinXiangru thought that QinZhao wang just pretended to be honest, so he put forward that QinZhao wang should also abstain the meat and wine for five days and then they exchange. QinZhaowang agreed. Then Linxiangru sent his suite went back to the state of Zhao with the jade. Five days later, LinXiangru told QinZhaowang what had happened.

中文里有200个字和成语与玉有关

抛砖引玉 I was just throwing a brick to attract jade.
Pronunciation: pao(1) zhuan(1) yin(3) yu(4)
Explanation: A metaphor that means one might offer some rough idea or essay first, in order to draw out other people's better or more mature ideas.
Tone: Positive
The Story: In the Tang Dynasty, there was a poet named Zhao Gu--he was very intelligent. One year, he went to Su Zhou, where a local poet Chang Jian was always admiring his literary talent. In order to get Zhao Gu's attention, Chan Jian wrote 2 stanzas on the wall of the Lingyan Temple. When Zhao Gu visited the temple and saw the unfinished poem, he completed it by adding another 2 stanzas, as expected.

There is a allusion which can show the position of the jade in Chinese culture-Return the Jade Intactly to the State of Zhao. The state of Chu had a piece of precious jade called Heshibi which belonged to ZhaoHuiwen wang. QinZhao wang heard it and wondered to change the jade with his 15 cities. LinXiangru-the subordinates of ZhaoHuiwen wang said he would like to go to the state of Qin. If they got the cities, he would leave the jade in the state of Qin, whereas he would return the jade intactly to the state of Zhao. QinZhao wang was very happy when saw the jade which LinXiangru presented, but it seemed that he didn't want to give cities to the state of Zhao. Then LinXiangru lied and said there was flaw on the jade and wanted to show it to him. So he brought the jade back.He stood beside the post of the hall and said, "Zhao wang worried that you did not give the cities to us after you got the jade due to your strong power. Zhao wang abstained from meat and wine for five days for respecting. But you don't have good faith at all. If you want to seize this jade, I'd rather bump against the post with the jade." QinZhaowang had no way so he agreed to give the state of Zhao 15 cities. LinXiangru thought that QinZhao wang just pretended to be honest, so he put forward that QinZhao wang should also abstain the meat and wine for five days and then they exchange. QinZhaowang agreed. Then Linxiangru sent his suite went back to the state of Zhao with the jade. Five days later, LinXiangru told QinZhaowang what had happened.

It was firstly used as tools. Later, people regarded it as prodigy for offering a sacrifice to the Gods duo to its good looking and magical specification which people can't understand. It is at least 8,000 years ago, the jade was regarded as the prodigy. The jade object is not only the symbol of social position but also reflects traditional Chinese moral standard. People entrust jade a lot of virtues, which affects the generations of China. In Chinese dictionary, there are many idioms with the word "jade". And nearly all of them are commendatory term such as "rather be a broken piece of jade than a whole tile-better to die in glory tan live in dishonor", "jade cannot be made into anything without being cut and polished-one cannot become useful without being educated". It is unique in the world that people take the jade as the carrier of the virtues. It is said that there are over 200 words or idioms that relates to the jade.

玉不琢，不成器
《礼记·学记》："玉不琢，不成器；人不学，不知道。"谓玉不加工，不成器皿。后以喻人不经过培养、锻炼，不能成材
玉惨花愁
形容女子忧愁貌
玉骨冰肌
形容女子苗条的身段和洁白光润的肌肤
玉关人老
《后汉书·班超传》载：班超戍守西域，凡三十一年。年老思归，上和帝疏云："臣不敢望到酒泉郡，但原生入玉门关。"后以"玉关人老"借指久戍思归之情
玉圭金臬
比喻重要的准则或法度。圭，观测日影的仪器；臬，靶子。金玉言其贵重
玉毁椟中
《论语·季氏》："虎兕出於柙，玉毁椟中，是谁之过与？"朱熹集注："言在柙而逸，在椟而毁，典守者不得辞其过。"后以"玉毁椟中"表示因主管人失职而造成严重损失
玉减香消
见"玉减香销"
玉减香销
喻美人的消瘦、萎靡
玉洁冰清
冰清玉洁。像玉和冰一样纯洁清白。比喻节操高洁
玉洁松贞
如玉一样纯洁、松一样坚贞。喻节操高洁
玉昆金友
亦作"玉友金昆"。兄弟的美称
玉粒桂薪
米如玉，薪如桂。极言生活费用之高
玉清冰洁
犹玉洁冰清
玉润冰清
像玉一样润泽，像冰一样清纯。常喻人或物形神之美
玉石不分
①比喻好坏不分。②比喻好坏同归于尽
玉石混淆
比喻好坏混杂
玉石皆碎
犹玉石俱焚
玉石俱摧
犹玉石俱焚
玉石俱焚
比喻好坏同归于尽
玉石俱碎
犹玉石俱焚
玉石同沉
比喻善恶一齐受害
玉石同碎
犹玉石俱焚
玉石相揉
比喻好坏混杂
玉石杂糅
比喻好坏混杂
玉食锦衣
精美的衣食
玉树琼枝
①形容树木华美。②喻贵家子弟
玉碎香销
喻女子的死
玉碎珠沉
犹言玉碎香销
玉堂金马
玉堂殿和金马门的并称。玉堂殿，原为汉未央宫的属殿；金马门，原为汉宫宦者署门。均为学士待诏之所。后亦沿用为翰林院的代称
玉堂人物
泛指显贵的文士
玉箫金琯
见"玉箫金管"
玉箫金琯
见"玉箫金管"
玉箫金管
亦作"玉箫金琯"。泛指雕饰华美的管乐器
玉燕投怀
燕，也写作"燕"。五代王仁裕《开元天宝遗事·梦玉燕投怀》："张说母梦有一玉燕自东南飞来，投入怀中，而有孕生说，果为宰相，其至贵之祥也。"后作贺人生子的颂语
玉燕投怀
见"玉燕投怀"
玉燕投怀
见"玉燕投怀"
玉叶金枝
指皇家子女
玉液金波
喻美酒
玉液金浆
道家的仙药
玉液琼浆
①道家的仙药。②泛指美酒
玉友金昆
见"玉昆金友"
玉宇琼楼
①神话中仙人居住的宫殿。②形容覆雪的楼宇
玉振金声
喻文章道德之盛
玉卮无当
亦作"玉卮无当"。《韩非子·外储说右上》："一日，堂溪公见昭侯曰：'今有白玉之卮而无当，有瓦卮而有当，君渴将何以饮？'君曰：'以瓦卮。'"谓玉杯无底。当，底。后多比喻东西虽好，却无用处
玉质金相
形容人表里俱美
玉柱擎天
谓栋梁之材可任天下大事
玉走金飞
谓日月如飞。比喻时光易逝。玉，玉兔，指月亮。金，金乌，指太阳


Chinese jade culture
The history of jade is as long as the Chinese civilization. Chinese began to know and use jade in the early Neolithic period (about 5000 BC) according to archeologists and archeological findings, represented by the Hemudu culture in Zhejian Province, and from the middle and late Neolithic period, represented by the Hongshan culture along the Lao River, the Longshan culture along the Yellow River, and the Liangzhu culture in the Tai Lake region. Many jade wares dating back to 4,000 to 6,000 years ago have been excavated in different places. It moved from the use of decoration on to the others such as the rites of worship and burial. Jade was thought to preserve the body after death and can be found in emperors' tombs from thousands of years ago. One tomb contained an entire suit made out of jade, to assure the physical immortality of its owner. Although other materials like gold, silver and bronze were also used, none of these have ever exceeded the spiritual position that jade has acquired in peoples' minds - it is associated with merit, morality, grace and dignity. Until the Shang and Zhou dynasties, jade wares had been developed into tools, weapons, daily utensils, accessories and ritual utensils. As commodity exchange boomed, jade was bestowed with currency function. For thousands of years till now, jade was and is a symbol of love and virtue as well as a status symbol.

In the ancient time, jade was worn by kings and nobles and after death placed with them in the tomb. As a result, the material became associated with royalty and high status. It also came to be regarded as powerful in death, protecting the body from decay. In later times these magical properties were perhaps less explicitly recognised, jade being valued more for its use in exquisite ornaments and vessels, and for its links with antiquity. The imperial seal of the Qin dynasty, the first feudal society in China, was made of jade. The seal was later hunt by seigneurs to prove they were the real Heavenly Sons. Furthermore, more noble attributes were given to jade, making it a standard of morality.

Jade stands for beauty, grace and purity as well. In Chinese, it is pronounced as 'Yu', and most words related to moral include this word such as 'Unpolished jade never shines,' indicating that one cannot be a useful person if he is not educated. Jade also implied honor and conviction. Jade has also been used in many Chinese idioms or phrases to denote beautiful things or people, such as Yu Jie Bing Qing (pure and noble), Ting Ting Yu Li (fair, slim and graceful) and Yu Nv (beautiful girl). Many girls in ancient times were also named with jade. One of the Four Beauties in Chinese history, Yang Yuhuan, the beloved concubine of Emperor Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907), was their representative. Yang is her surname and her given name Yuhuan means simply 'jade ring'.
Chinese people believed jade had supernatural power. Using jade wares and jade ornaments could resist invasion of evil influence and avoid evil apparitions and secure safety and auspiciousness. The witchcraft soon applied jade as percussion instrument since it sounded pleasing to the ear and traveled far. After people knew musical scales, jade became musical instrument. People wore and decorated rooms to indicate loyalty, elegance, beauty, and eternity. The most popular patterns were: peach (longevity), mandarin duck (love), deer (high official ranks), bat (blessing), fish (affluence), double phoenixes (thriving), bottle (safety), lotus (holiness), bamboo (lofty conduct), and fan (benevolence), etc.

Jade was believed capable of standing for Heaven, the Earth, the east, the west, the south and the north and emperors. It can be messenger between Heaven and mankind. In the ancient times, Yu, Chinese character meaning jade, was the same with Wang (king). The three horizontal strokes stringed by a central vertical stroke represent Heaven, the Earth and mankind respectively. Hence yu, is always used in Chinese to call something precious and jade had always been treasured in China as the royal gemstone.

Jade with Chinese religion
Sounding strange, some people believed, however, that jade was edible and could keep one physically immortal. Most of them are Taoists. These precious stones played significant role in the development and spread of religions in China. Since belief the ancients bestowed with jade is coincident with religion in many aspects, jade serves religion. In the Buddhism, the PureLand is composed of gold, silver, agate, coral, amber and gray jade. Thus Chinese Buddhism emphasizes collecting and using various precious stones. In FamenTemple in Shaanxi province, near Xi'an, among the four Buddhist Relics discovered, one was placed in tailor made jade coffin. The Buddhas and Buddhism musical instruments in the PotalaPalace and Ta'er Lamasery are mostly decorated with lazuli, turquoise, agate, gray jade and white jade. Until the Tang dynasty, Buddhism reached its peak, and jade carvings concerning with Buddhism, such as Amitabha, Kwan-yin, prayer beads, avalanched as amulets to protect people from disease and evil and agents to carry their emotion, expectation and belief to Buddha. Functions are the same in Taoism.

11 Virtue of Jade
The Chinese love jade because of not only its beauty, but also more importantly its culture, meaning and humanity, as Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC) said there are 11 De (virtue) in jade. The following is the translation (don't know the translator):
'The wise have likened jade to virtue. For them, its polish and brilliancy represent the whole of purity; its perfect compactness and extreme hardness represent the sureness of intelligence; its angles, which do not cut, although they seem sharp, represent justice; the pure and prolonged sound, which it gives forth when one strikes it, represents music. Its color represents loyalty; its interior flaws, always showing themselves through the transparency, call to mind sincerity; its iridescent brightness represents heaven; its admirable substance, born of mountain and of water, represents the earth. Used alone without ornamentation it represents chastity. The price that the entire world attaches to it represents the truth. To support these comparisons, the Book of Verse says: "When I think of a wise man, his merits appear to be like jade."'
Jade has always been the material most highly prized by the Chinese, above silver and gold, just as the Chinese saying goes "Gold has a value; jade is invaluable." 'Soft, smooth and glossy, it appeared to them like benevolence; fine, compact and strong - like intelligence' Attributed to Confucius (about 551-479 BC)