"手机引雷"乃伪科学?
防雷专家称手机电磁波不会引来雷击
眼下正值雷雨天气频发的高峰期，有些媒体提醒市民"切忌在雷电时使用手机"，因为手机会"引雷"。一些市民于是患上了手机恐慌症，电闪雷鸣时来了电话也不敢接。那"手机引雷"说到底是真还是假呢？多数防雷专家认为，"手机引雷"是无稽之谈、伪科学。
新闻缘起
"疑似"手机引雷事件频现
最近一段时间，申城多次出现雷暴天气。上周四下午5点多，市民沈小姐在下班途中便突遭电闪雷鸣、倾盆大雨，于是赶紧躲进路边店铺的屋檐下。在躲雨过程中，沈小姐的手机铃声响了数次，但她愣是没接，"都说雷雨天打手机会引雷上身，我还是安全第一吧。"那么，到底是什么让沈小姐如此笃信"手机引雷"呢？
"手机引雷说"最早出现于2003年。那年7月，张家港市发生雷电击人事件，两人骑着摩托车突遭电闪雷鸣，导致一死一伤。南京某大学余教授接受采访时称， 由于雷电干扰，手机的无线频率跳跃性增强，这容易诱发雷击，人们尽量避免在打雷时拨打或接听手机，雷雨中穿行无障碍物地区时，最好关掉手机电源。
随后在2004年7月，北京居庸关长城8号烽火台遭雷击，在烽火台内避雨15名游客昏迷送医院救治。之后北京部分媒体公布了对事故原因的调查结果，认定这次雷击是由于游客中一名老者打手机引雷所致。
之后，"手机引雷"报道不时见诸于报端广播电视中。今年3月，江苏溧阳一名采石场工人遭雷击死亡，报道称因为这名工人在空旷地带打手机，所以引来雷击。今年6月，湖北随州两名青年在大树下避雨，一声炸雷过后造成一死一重伤，报道称，据气象专家调查，惨祸发生时，其中一青年正在拨打手机。今年7月，四川绵阳一村民在用手机接电话时，被雷击中当场死亡，报道中又认定，手机是引来雷击的罪魁祸首。
如此多疑似"手机引雷"事件发生，加之电视广播中不断提醒人们在雷电天气时，不要使用手机，难道手机真的会引雷上身？
观点PK
支持者说：电磁波为雷电提供通道
北京大学物理学院大气科学系刘树华教授是支持"手机引雷"说的专家之一，"手机接收信号的过程是接受电磁波，相当于为雷电搭建了入地的通道，有时候会把雷电引下来，特别是危险地区，比如加油站下雨天不要打手机"，刘树华教授说。
据介绍，雷电天气发生时，云层中积累了大量的正电荷，而地面则产生大量的负电荷，"手机产生的电磁波相当于提供了一个通道，让正负电荷相接，从而会瞬间把雷给引下来"。刘树华教授还表示，手机即使不处于工作状态，只要和基站之间有电磁波的产生和接收，也可能引发雷击。对于防雷专家提出的电磁波信号相当弱不会引雷的说法，刘树华称："即使能量弱，也会提供雷电通道。"
北京理工大学教授朱培也曾表示，电磁波在潮湿大气中会形成一个导电性磁场，极易吸引刚形成的闪电雷击。
反对者说：手机引雷是"国际笑话"
然而， "手机引雷"说却遭到众多防雷专家的反对，认为这种说法违背了科学规律，忽视了事件的本质。
手机电磁波不是导体
江明礼 空军航空气象研究所防雷中心专家
"手机引雷"是国际笑话，我们雷电防护委员会的委员都认为"手机引雷"是无稽之谈。电磁波在我们生活的空间中无处不在，如果手机电磁波能引雷，那么雷雨天广播电视应停播，因为基站功率更大，更会引雷，而事实上不是这样的。假如电磁波是导体，那么电视塔这些发射出去的电磁波高度远高于避雷针，避雷针还能起作用吗？
电磁波是电和磁的波动过程，本身并不是导体，与空气电离是完全不同的两个概念。手机的功率极小，属于毫瓦级，频率一般在2400 兆赫以下，打手机产生的电磁波不可能使空气电离形成雷电的等离子体通道，因此也不可能把几百米高空的雷电引下来。
手机不能引雷
马宏达 中科院电工研究所教授
手机不会像避雷针一样能把雷给引下来。空气只有在被电离后，才会由绝缘体成为导体。电磁波的频率和波长决定了能否电离气体分子，频率越高或波长越短，电磁波的能量越高，气体分子就越容易被电离，从而成为导体。
比如，可见光也是一种电磁波，但并不会使空气分子游离，从而导电，比如你下雨天拿着手电筒照天空，会引雷上身吗？当然不会。手机电磁波的波长比可见光要长7~8个数量级，频率更低，能量更弱。既然可见光不行，那手机电磁波更不可能使任何气体分子游离的。
遭雷击是因地势而非手机
刘寿先 国内著名防雷厂商四川中光科技集团总工程师
手机用户之所以遭雷击，是因为所处位置相对于周围环境处于制高点，并非是因为手机。美国已经做过这方面的试验：雷电天气下把几十公斤的牛肉放在室外，然后把几十只处于工作状态下的手机放在牛肉上，结果一切表现正常，证明手机不会引雷。
至于媒体频频报道的手机用户遭雷击丧命事件，原因并非是手机，而是人所处的位置。如果是在空旷地的制高点，或者没有安装避雷器的建筑物里，不管打不打手机都有可能遭雷击。
记者观察
不要盲目恐慌"手机引雷"
"'手机引雷'通过报刊杂志、电台广播的宣传，已经为很多人所相信，进而在一定程度上造成人们对雷雨天打手机的恐慌"，江明礼表示。马宏达也认为，这种物理上的概念错误造成了人们认知上的错误，"防雷应该象防地震一样，要积极预防，但也不能盲目恐慌。"
几年前某地一所小学遭受雷击，当时有人员受伤，固定电话也遭损害，有人提出要用手机报警求救，却立即有人反对，说手机可能再次招来雷击。江明礼对此很心痛，"如果因此贻误救援时机造成更大伤害，那就得不偿失了。"
为了消除"手机引雷"带来的恐慌感，江明礼在2003年就开始写文章进行驳斥，之后在中科院研究员罗福山建议下，江民礼又和著名防雷专家刘继教授、中科院电工研究所马宏达教授、中国气象局高级工程师王雪森等六名专家合写了一篇"手机不会引雷"的文章，刊登在中国气象局的防雷杂志上，"目的是为了以正视听，但效果不佳，希望媒体能够正确报道，广泛宣传手机不会引雷上身。"
专家提醒
该如何正确避雷？
卫星电视接收器：现在一些市民私自安装了卫星电视接收器，如果装在楼顶至高处，可能会引雷，这样的事故每年都会发生。其实解决方法很简单，刘寿先介绍，可以在接收器3米远的地方安装避雷针，同时在接入室内的馈线上安装避雷器。
固定电话：江明礼表示，手机不会引雷，固定电话倒是能引雷，"几公里外的雷可能会通过电话线进入室内，特别是在农村地区，电话线相当长而且有的直接裸露在外。"防范方法也很简单，就是安装电话线防雷器。
家用电器：宝山区气象局副局长周厚荣则提醒，除了为电器、电话安装避雷器外，没有安装避雷装置的家庭可以拔掉所有的插头"以绝后患"，也不失为一种简便有效的应急避雷措施，记得拔下电视机机顶盒的天线和电视机机顶盒电源线，仅关闭电源是没有用的。
人体：上海市气象局防雷中心总工程师黄晓虹表示，雷暴天气户外人员应该尽快进入建筑物内躲避。野外空旷地、市区内的广场、公园、露天泳池等都是雷电天气时的"禁区"。如果周围实在没有建筑物可以躲避的情况下，尽量找一块较低洼又不积水的地方蹲下。此外，烟囱、孤立的大树、电线杆，甚至屋檐下都不宜停留。同时将金属柄的雨伞、高尔夫球棍等都扔掉。
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"Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" is pseudo-science?
Lightning Experts say mobile phone electromagnetic waves do not attract lightning strike
Thunderstorm weather, now is the peak frequency of some of the media to remind people to "avoid the use of mobile phones in the thunder and lightning" because the phone will "Triggered Lightning." So some people suffering from panic disorder cell phone, lightning, when the phone did not dare to take. That the "mobile phone Triggered Lightning," the final analysis, it is true or false? Most lightning protection experts believe that "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" is a nonsense, pseudo-science.
Origin News
"Suspected" mobile phone is frequently cited Lei events
Most recently that Shanghai has experienced a number thunderstorms. Last Thursday at 5 pm and more people work on the way Miss Shen then suddenly lightning, heavy rain, so quickly hid under the eaves, a roadside shop. In the sheltering process, Ms. Shen cell phone ring tones to ring several times, but she Leng Shimo then, "said Ray cited the opportunity to thunderstorm days hatchet man upper body, I still safety first it." So in the end is what makes Shen Miss so believe in "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" mean?
"Cell Phone cited Ray said," first appeared in 2003. That year in July, Zhangjiagang City, were struck by lightning events occurred, two riding a motorcycle suddenly lightning, resulting in dead and another injured. Nanjing, a university Professor Yu said in an interview, due to lightning interference, frequency hopping wireless phones has increased, it tends to induce lightning strikes, people try to avoid during a lightning storm or answer phone calls, thunderstorms in the walk through area with no obstacles, it is best cell phone turned off the power.
Subsequently in July 2004, Beijing, Great Wall No. 8 Beacon Juyongguan struck by lightning, in the beacon towers collapsed within the shelter from the rain 15 visitors to the hospital for treatment. Some of the media after Beijing announced the findings on the cause of the accident, found that the lightning strike is due to tourists in an old man due to a mobile phone Citation Lei.
After the "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning," reports appeared in newspapers from time to time broadcast television. In March of this year, Jiangsu Liyang a quarry worker killed by lightning, the report said that because workers in the open area a cell phone, it attracted lightning. This year in June, Hubei Suizhou two young people in the large trees rain, I heard a clap of thunder caused after the death of a seriously injured, the report said, according to meteorological experts, surveys, horrible disaster occurs, in which young people are calling a cell phone. This year in July, Sichuan Mianyang, a villager on a cell phone to answer the phone when he was struck by lightning in the died on the spot, reports also found that cell phones are the culprit attract lightning.
So many suspected "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" incident, coupled with constant reminders that television weather, thunder and lightning, do not use mobile phones, can really be cited Lei phone upper body?
PK point of view
Supporters said: electromagnetic waves provide access for the thunder and lightning
School of Physics, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Peking University Professor Liu Shuhua is to support "mobile phone Triggered Lightning," said one of the experts, "mobile phone is to accept the process of the received signal electromagnetic wave is equivalent to lightning has set up a channel into the earth, and sometimes thunder and lightning will be cited down , especially in dangerous areas, such as gas stations on rainy days do not use cell phones, "said Professor Liu Shuhua.
According to reports, weather, lightning occurs, the clouds have accumulated a great deal of positive charge, while the ground is produce large amounts of negative charge, "mobile phone electromagnetic waves generated by the equivalent of providing a channel, so that positive and negative charge phase, which will instantly bring mine to the quoted down. " Professor Liu Shuhua also said that even if the phone is not in working condition, so long as the generation of electromagnetic waves between the base station and receiver, but also may lead to lightning strikes. For the lightning protection experts of the electromagnetic signal very weak statement is not quoted Ray, Shuhua, said: "Even if the energy is weak, will also provide lightning channel."
Beijing Institute of Technology, Professor ZHU Pei also said that the electromagnetic waves in the moist atmosphere will form a conductive magnetic field, can easily attract newly formed lightning.
Opponents said: phone Triggered Lightning "international joke"
However, the "mobile phone Triggered Lightning," said the mine was hit by many experts objected that this argument runs counter to the laws of science, ignoring the nature of the event.
Phone is not a conductor of electromagnetic waves
JIANG Ming-li Air Force Institute of Aviation Weather Center experts Mine
"Cell Phone Triggered Lightning," is an international joke, our Lightning Protection Committee members agreed that "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning," is nonsense. Electromagnetic waves in space in our lives everywhere in the electromagnetic waves can be cited if the phone is mine, then the thunderstorm days, radio and television should be off the air because the base station more powerful, more would give mine, and in fact not the case. If the electromagnetic waves is a conductor, then they launch out of the electromagnetic tower height is far higher than the lightning rod, lightning rod still work?
Electromagnetic waves are electric and magnetic fluctuations in the process itself is not a conductor, and the air ionization are two totally different concepts. Cell phone power is extremely small, belong to milliwatt level, usually in the 2400 MHz frequencies below the electromagnetic waves generated by a cell phone can not make the air ionized plasma channel formed by lightning and, therefore, impossible to an altitude of several hundred meters down the thunder and lightning cited.
Phone can not be invoked Lei
Ma Hongda Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Electrical Engineering, Professor
Phone will not be able to mine the same as the lightning rod down to the Citation. Only the air is ionized only after a conductor from the insulator. Electromagnetic wave frequency and wavelength determine whether the ionized gas molecules, the higher the frequency, or shorter wavelength, the higher the energy of electromagnetic waves, the more easily ionized gas molecules, thus becoming the conductor.
For example, visible light is also a kind of electromagnetic waves, but does not cause air molecules ionized, and thus electrical conductivity, such as holding a flashlight according to your rainy day the sky will be cited Lei do upper body? Of course not. Mobile wavelength of electromagnetic waves is longer than visible light, 7 ~ 8 orders of magnitude, frequency, lower energy weaker. Since the visible light No, it is more mobile phone electromagnetic waves can not make any stray gas molecules.
Was struck by lightning because of the terrain rather than the mobile phone
LIU Shou-famous lightning first manufacturers of Optical Technology Group chief engineer of Sichuan
The reason why mobile phone users have been struck by lightning because of their location relative to the surrounding environment is high ground, not because of cell phone. The United States has done in this area test: lightning weather to dozens of kilograms of beef on the outside, and then only in the work of dozens of state of the cell phone on the beef, the results of all its manifestations normal phone will not be cited to prove mine.
The media frequently reported that mobile phone users are being killed by lightning event, not only because the phone, but the person's location. If it is high ground in the open ground, or surge arresters are not installed inside the building, regardless of Da Buda phones are likely to have been struck by lightning.
Observer reporter
Do not blind panic "mobile phone Triggered Lightning"
" 'Phone Citation Lei' through the newspapers, magazines, radio propaganda, has a lot of people believe a certain extent, thereby causing people to panic thunderstorm days a cell phone," says Jiang Ming-li. Ma HTC also believes that the concept of such a physically caused by the mistakes people cognitive errors, "the same as mine should be like the anti-earthquake, we should actively prevent, but can not be blind panic."
A few years ago being struck by lightning in a primary school, when officers were injured in fixed-line telephone has also been damaged, it was suggested to use cell phone alarm for help, but immediately there is any objection, saying that mobile phones might again provoke lightning strikes. JIANG Ming-li this is very heartbreaking, "if so adversely affected by the time the rescue cause greater damage, it had more losses than gains."
In order to eliminate "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" will bring a sense of panic, JIANG Ming-li in 2003, began to write articles to refute, then a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Luo Fushan proposal, Jiangmin He pointed and well-known expert Professor Liu Ji mine, Chinese Academy of Sciences electrician Institute Professor Ma Hongda, CMA senior engineer Wang Xuesen other six experts, co-wrote an article entitled "mobile phone will not be quoted Ray," an article of mine published in the Journal of the China Meteorological Administration, the "purpose is to set the record straight, but results are poor, hope that the media correctly reported that mobile phones will not be widely cited Lei upper body. "
Experts advise
How do I correct lightning?
Satellite TV receivers: Now some people secretly installed a satellite TV receiver, if mounted on the roof of high office may be cited Lei, such an accident every year. In fact, solution is simple, Shou-first introduced in the receiver 3 meters away to install a lightning rod, while access to the indoor surge arresters installed on the feeders.
Fixed Telephone: JIANG Ming-li said the phone will not be cited Lei, fixed-line telephone can be cited Dao Shi Lei, "a few kilometers away, mine may be through the phone line into the interior, especially in rural areas, telephone lines for a long and in some cases directly exposed. "prevention method is very simple to install telephone lines lightning protection devices.
Appliances: Baoshan District, Bureau of Meteorology, deputy director Zhou Hourong are reminded, in addition to electrical, telephone installation arrester, there is no installation of lightning protection devices, families can unplug all the plugs "to never troubles", may well be a simple and effective emergency lightning measures, remember to unplug the TV antenna and TV set-top box set-top box power cord, just turn off the power is of no use.
Human: Shanghai Meteorological Bureau of Mine Center engineer Huang Xiaohong said thunderstorms outdoor staff as soon as possible to enter the building to escape. Open field, the urban areas of the squares, parks, outdoor swimming pools are all weather, thunder and lightning when the "forbidden zone." If there is no surrounding buildings can be to avoid the situation, try to find a relatively low-lying areas without water squat. In addition, the chimney, isolated trees, telephone poles, and even under the eaves are not to stay. At the same time the metal handle of the umbrella, golf clubs are all thrown away.
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