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旅游业跨入"最好的时代" Tourism Industry is Entering into "Golden Age"

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 12:14:00 +0000

旅游业跨入"最好的时代"

来源：上海金融报

　　去年，我国旅游收入达到9500亿元。1月4日，国务院发布了《关于推进海南国际旅游岛建设发展的若干意见》。该意见的出台也被视为"旅游业将承担拉动内需重任"的强烈信号，再加上2010世博会带来的"旅游热"，新年伊始，旅游产业已成为投资者关注的热点
　　旅游概念催热海南经济
　　在国务院下发的《关于推进海南国际旅游岛建设发展的若干意见》中，明确提出"到2020年，海南的旅游服务设施、经营管理和服务水平要与国际通行的旅游服务标准全面接轨，并初步建成世界一流的海岛休闲度假旅游胜地"。
　　在海南，旅游业是支撑其经济的主要命脉。1988年，中央在海南建立全国最大经济特区，海南的旅游业因此出现了第一个高峰，当年接待国内外游客118.5万人次，旅游收入2.87亿元。目前，海南已初步形成吃、住、行、游、购、娱配套的旅游接待体系。统计显示，海南有导游9844人，与旅游业直接相关的从业人员超过16万人，约占全省总人口的2%。2009年，海南接待游客2200万人次，旅游收入206亿元。与21年前相比，来海南的游客增长了17倍，旅游收入增加了70倍。
　　中国海南改革发展研究院院长迟福林指出，未来5年左右，我国将由生产型大国向消费型大国转变，由投资主导的格局转向消费主导的格局。在这个背景下，海南国际旅游岛建设有可能成为国家扩大内需尤其是拉动消费需求的重要战略之一。
　　在众多产业中，惟有旅游与服务业关系最紧密，与其相关的上下游服务行业已超过110多个，因此，今后旅游业将成为拉动我国服务业快速发展的重要产业。
　　据悉，此次海南旅游岛的开发将出现多个"首创"，如免签证、民航进出、商品免税购物等，这些政策一旦出台将对国内旅游产业产生重要影响。
　　以商品免税购物为例，参照香港地区的部分经验，海南正在筹建日用消费品免税区的海关管理体制。业内人士表示，日用消费品免税区的概念与免税商场、免税店不同，第一，免税商场经营的免税产品主要是洋货，包括洋烟、洋酒等，而用消费品免税的产品主要是国货。不仅要对进入免税区销售的进口商品免征进口关税和进口环节税，对进入免税区销售的国产商品也要享受出口退税政策，实行退免增值税、消费税。第二，免税是没有边界的，是全岛范围的，而免税店只是限于在这一商场里。第三，打造日用消费品免税区，不仅游客可以享受免税商品，全岛的居民也都可以享受。本岛居民在岛内购买免税日用消费品无限量、限额、限次规定。但离岛时按国内游客实行限额购买，不允许邮寄免税商品离岛。
　　在国际旅游岛概念下，海南当地的房地产业在急速升温。1月11日，号称东方夏威夷的三亚凤凰岛上两幢五星级全海景豪华酒店式寓所面向全球开盘，均价高达每平方米6.5万元。即便如此，购房现场依旧十分火爆，不仅看房要分批次，甚至就连到选房区签合同也得排队等候。与此同时，近期海口和三亚的商品房也出现热销。
　　"世博游"拉动上海经济
　　无独有偶，中国的另一个城市也正为即将来临的旅游业腾飞"蓄势待发"。
　　据介绍，到2009年底，上海世博会门票已累计销售了1000万张。同时，面向全球旅游者的上海旅游卡也已覆盖67个国家和地区，销量超过10万张。随着世博会的临近，全球的目光都开始关注上海这座城市。专家预测，上海世博会将在半年时间里将聚集7000万参观人次，平均每天40万到50万人流，最高可达60万人。这些游客到上海需要乘坐交通工具，要安排解决食宿，要采购消费，这将对航空业、铁路公路交通、酒店业、餐饮服务业、零售业等众多行业有强劲拉动，而这些又无不与旅游业紧密相关。
　　正是看到了其中的商机，上海早在4年前就开始筹划"世博游"项目，并做了大量的准备工作。据测算，在上海世博会的7000万参观者中，由旅行社组织的世博参观者将占到25％至30％。截至目前，覆盖全国27个省市的38家旅行社被上海世博会批准为指定旅游组团社，上海市旅游委也已建立了37家旅游咨询中心，确定了60多家世博指定酒店和44个世博体验之旅示范点，并为世博游指定旅行社推出世博游线路提供指南和服务。同时，上海加强了与长三角城市之间的合作，相继推出了55条长三角世博旅游线路。
　　上海市旅游委主任道书明表示，上海世博会的举办为旅游业的发展带来了重要契机，由此产生的直接旅游收入将达人民币800亿元。这不仅仅是表现在旅游收入的增加和产业数量的放大上，更重要的是，如何利用好世博会，树立良好的品牌形象和规范的服务标准，并促使整个产业结构进行调整并升级。
　　2009年5月1日，上海正式开始实施《旅馆业管理办法》。道书明表示，上海正在加紧制定一批新的地方性标准，计划在今年5月1日世博会开幕前推出，要着力提高全市旅游行业服务标准，在旅行社资质、导游人员等级、旅游道路指引标志的统一等重点领域加强行业标准化与规范化。
　　据统计，截至1月3日，上海已累计售出"世博旅游票兑换凭证"4000余张。该凭证分为平日票与指定日2大类共6种。平日市区单程票价每张162元、市区往返票价每张170元、郊区往返票价每张170元，指定日市区单程票价每张202元、市区往返票价每张210元、郊区往返票价每张210元。世博游兑换凭证在预售第一期、预售第二期以及会期的售价不变，并可获赠相应的赠品。
　　旅游业进入快速发展期
　　2009年12月1日，《国务院关于加快发展旅游业的意见》的出台，旅游业被提升为国民经济的战略性支柱产业，在政策层面为旅游经济发展创造了良好条件。而根据此前世界旅游组织作出的预测，到2020年中国将成为世界最大的旅游目的地国家。
　　由中国旅游研究院发布的《中国旅游经济蓝皮书》表示，借《国务院关于加快发展旅游业的意见》出台之机，我国旅游经济发展速度有望超过今年，旅游总收入增长速度可望达13%。
　　据统计，2009年我国旅游经济总体上保持平稳增长，全年国内旅游人数19亿人次，同比增长10%，国内旅游收入9500亿元，同比增长8%，旅游对经济社会发展的促进作用得到进一步强化。预计2010年国内旅游人数21亿人次，同比增长12%，国内旅游收入11000亿元，同比增长14%；入境旅游人数1.36亿人次，同比增长8%左右，旅游外汇收入420亿美元，同比增长10%左右；出境旅游人数5400万人次，同比增长15%，出境旅游花费480亿美元，同比增长14%；全年旅游业总收入1.4万亿元，同比增长13%。
　　鉴于此，中国旅游研究院分析人士指出，2010年我国旅游业发展将有四大趋势：一是旅游需求总量稳定增长，散客化、自助化、信息化等趋势将会进一步增强，绿色旅游将有大的发展。二是旅游产业转型升级与集约化发展的步伐将会加快，企业创新行为将得到强化，外资继续加速进入中国旅游市场。三是旅游公共服务供给进一步增加，旅游管理体制改革的步伐加快。四是依托制度创新、区域战略规划和交通基础设施改善，区域旅游将出现一些新的亮点。
　　业内专家表示，随着金融危机的影响加深，我国长期以来围绕入境旅游和高端市场形成的供给体系受到了更大的冲击，结构性供求矛盾更加突出，在此情况下，旅游行业加速面向大众市场的转型。例如，饭店客源结构从单一化向多元化转变，以国际客源为主的饭店积极寻求拓展国内客源，以商务客人为主的饭店开始关注休闲度假客人和旅游团队市场，部分旅行社也从经营入境旅游业务为主转向经营更多的国内旅游业务。接下来，旅游企业还将进行市场扩张，掀起并购重组的新一轮高潮，并且加快了以人性化服务、成本节约和新技术应用为特征的创新。

谷歌CEO：谷歌与报纸业的真实关系 How the Internet Ruined Newspapers

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 12:04:00 +0000

谷歌CEO：谷歌与报纸业的真实关系

2009年 12月 04日 13:35

Eric Schmidt

想象现在是2015年。我手中的小巧设备用一篇篇新闻故事把世界带给我。我翻阅着自己喜欢的报纸杂志，其影像如同印刷的效果一样清晰，无需抓狂地等待每个页面下载。

更妙的是，这个设备了解我是什么样的人、喜欢什么内容、以及已经看过了哪些内容。因此当我获得所有的新闻和评论时，也能看到专门针对我的兴趣定制的内容。我扫了一眼《华尔街日报》上的一篇有关健康方面的文章，又看了埃及报纸Al
Gomhuria上已经自动从阿拉伯语翻译成英文的伊拉克报道。我在屏幕上轻点手指，告诉电脑这个建议不错。

这些文章中的一部分是按月打包订阅的。有些则是通过免费预览吸引了我，让我愿意掏一点钱浏览。还有的不收取费用，由广告付费。但广告内容也不是我从来不会去用的那些产品的静态图片，而是像我所看的新闻的一样，是专门为我定制的。广告商愿意为这种更具针对性的形式付更多广告费。

上述情形与我们的现状还有很大的距离。现有的技术（譬如你们正在阅读这家著名的报纸）或许相对陈旧，但比起如今在网上看新闻的体验，纸媒却是一种简单快速的模式。我浏览纸质《华尔街日报》的速度比在网上浏览的速度快得多。而且每次回头访问一个网站时，我总是被当成新用户。

因此当我思考纸媒当前面临的危机时，我首先想到的就是这一点──传统技术在艰难地适应混乱的新世界。这其实是个老故事：正是广播和电视的兴起令报纸的发行开始走下坡路。午报是最早的牺牲品。随后24小时新闻播报的出现令早报上的内容也基本成了旧闻。

如今，互联网彻底打破了整个新闻组合的模式，人们阅读从博客或搜索引擎上看到单篇文章，一旦看完了手头的这篇，又没有很好的理由继续浏览，他们就会弃整个网站而去。这就是我们内部所称的原子单位式的消费。

这种情况对报纸杂志来说无疑十分痛苦，然而它们在互联网广告收入方面面临的压力正带来更大的损失。以前想针对旧金山消费者的广告商面临的选择只不过是在《旧金山纪事报》(Chronicle)还是在《旧金山考察报》(Examiner)上登广告的问题。随后分类广告网站Craigslist横空出世，令人们可以免费获得地方分类广告，接下来又出现了Ebay和一些专门性网站。如今，谷歌等搜索引擎直接将广告商与搜寻广告商所售商品的消费者联系起来。

面对不断缩水的收入和资源，屡屡受挫的报业管理人士正在找替罪羊。现在他们的怒火大多指向了谷歌，许多管理人士认为谷歌因业务关系而拿到了所有的好处，却没有作出什么回报。我认为事实与此相反。

谷歌是一个绝佳的推广渠道。我们每个月通过谷歌资讯给网络新闻出版商带来10亿次点击量，并通过网络搜索和iGoogle等其他服务带来超过30亿次额外的访问量。这相当于每分钟免费获得10万个获得忠诚读者并带来收入的机会。就另一个争论焦点──版权问题而言，我们只显示了新闻标题以及每篇文章的数行内容。如果读者希望继续阅读，他们就必须点击进入报纸网站。（我们与通讯社达成授权协议提供的报导内容除外）如果出版商愿意，他们可以从我们的搜索引擎或是谷歌资讯上撤下自己的内容。

关于我们通过报纸获取大笔利润的说法也不是事实。我们在搜索领域的收入主要来自于产品广告。比如说，用户输入"数码相机"进行搜索，然后搜索页面出现相关产品的广告。而一则典型的新闻搜索──例如阿富汗──搜索结果的广告寥寥无几。显示在新闻搜索页面旁边的广告，其带来的收入只占我们搜索收入的很小一部分。

想找替罪羊是可以理解的。但正如默多克(Rupert Murdoch)所说，真正威胁到新闻行业的是过去垄断地位带来的自满情绪，而不是科技。

不过，我们意识到，新闻采集的危机并不只是新闻行业的问题。对一个行之有效的民主制度来说，准确的信息流、多样化的观点以及正确的分析是非常重要的。我们也承认，报纸很难从他们的网络内容获得收入。但正如新闻行业当前的问题并非只有一个根源一样，这方面没有单一的解决方案。我们希望与出版商携手，帮助他们赢得更多的受众，更好地接触读者，获得更多的收入。

解决这一挑战将意味着运用科技开发新的方法，去影响读者、更长时间地留住读者，以及整合免费和付费渠道提高收入。我相信，这还需要我们在争论中改变基调，意识到我们都必须共同努力，在数字化时代实现新闻业的希望。

谷歌认真对待我们所承担的职责。我们已经在携手新闻行业的三十多家合作伙伴进行试验，推出一项名为Google Fast
Flip的服务。这项服务的理念是，如果我们让阅读文章变得更为便捷，那么用户就会阅读更多的文章；这个理念在实践中似乎收到了效果。出现在新闻内容侧边的显示广告所带来的收入大部分都将属于我们的新闻合作伙伴。

正如一些报纸似乎正在思索的，收费提供网络内容的阅读和继续让文章链接出现在谷歌资讯和谷歌搜索中，二者并不是非此即彼的选择。他们可以双管齐下。

这是一个开端。但我们可以携手向着我一开始概述的梦幻新闻小工具努力。手机的功能进步和所有者数量增长越来越快，带来了巨大的潜力。随着更多的手机连接互联网，手机正在变成阅读工具，可以发送报导、商业报告以及广告。这些手机知道你身处何处，可以提供具有地理相关性的信息。未来会出现更多的新闻、更多的评论以及更多的争论机会，而不是更少。

最出色的报纸总是像一面镜子反映出自己所在的社会。现在他们可以为读者提供一个数字化空间，让读者可以聚集和交谈。正如我们已经目睹电视行业随着观众拥有更多选择和新提供商的加入而出现了不同的支付模式；我认为，我们会在新闻行业看到同样的情形。我们可能会很容易看到，在针对特定读者群体内容的订阅和付费阅读之外，还会有免费供大众市场阅读的内容，这部分内容通过广告获得收入。

我当然不认为，互联网意味着新闻的终结。通过创新与科技，新闻业可以寻找到新的盈利能力和活力，经受住冲击。电视并没有扼杀广播明星，而是另外创造了一个全新的行业。

房产英语大不同 English for Real Estate Property

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 11:54:00 +0000

房产英语大不同

2009/12/11 07:55:01

终于回到祖国的怀抱了。以倒时差的名义大睡特睡。趁睡眠间隙来跟大家聊聊房地产方面的英语。

在美国买房大概分几个阶段：选择中介、贷款审批、看房、出价、签订合同、验房、购买房屋保险、交房前最后的检查、成交过户并登记。上网搜索"steps for buying a home"，会有很详细的各个步骤的讲解。以下我来对比讲讲几个国内比较陌生的概念吧。

Broker/agent/representative

美国买卖房子的双方多数是有各自的AGENT的。双方的经纪人都必须是考有本州执照的专业地产代理。Broker特指在交易背后代理各种手续的地产中介公司，也就是卖方的agent所依附的公司。

Buyer's Representative是买房人自由挑选的买方代理人。我在看房的阶段圈定了长岛的几个TOWN，在每个TOWN里面都安插了自己的representative。他们最了解本地房产市场，对于大到地方政府、社区学校小到房屋结构、周边公交了如指掌。Representative负责根据买主的喜好筛选房屋，带领买主实地看房，帮助买主讨价还价直到完成closing手续。和国内不同的是，作为买方，这样的服务是不需要用钱的。

在北美出售中的房屋会登记在一个叫Multiple Listing Services的数据库中。数据库中每所房屋的佣金比例已经事先约定。一般民用住宅的佣金比例在5%左右，这笔由卖方支付的佣金是会被买卖双方的经纪人以事先约定的比例（卖方占多）分享。

如果一个买主没有自己的representative，卖方经纪人必须在看房之前和买主签订一个类似披露协议的合同，保证自己没有刻意隐瞒房屋的缺陷。不过这样"胆大"的买主还不是很多。

House/condo/co-op

美国民用房屋中最多的就是house。而house里面还会细分为single family house和multi-family house，前者当然最常见。有人将house翻译成别墅，我想这会让N多美国人脸红的。比如我家的house，看起来很像希望小学的一个建筑，跟从小电视里看到资本家作威作福的别墅比起来，那相差不是一般的多。

美国的house是永久产权，但是每年要交property tax。税用来供养地方政府和学校。决定税额高低的因素有房屋价值、地方经济、当地公立学校的开销。

住house没有物业费，因为没有物业。房子的一切生老病死，包括自己家地盘上的一草一木，都由屋主负责。如果下雪没有扫雪导致门前有人摔倒，也要由屋主负责赔偿。很多house都有6、70年以上的历史，全木结构，为什么还能屹立不倒？有人说是美国房屋建筑质量好，我看未必。主要是历任屋主年复一年日复一日home improvement的劳动成果。

Condo是condominium的简写。Condo对于房屋的建筑模式没什么限制，主要是居住管理模式上和house有明显不同。Condo是有物业的。譬如扫雪、清理垃圾、修剪草坪这样的工作会有物业公司代劳，房主付出的代价是每月一交的maintenance fee。美国人工昂贵，这是不小的一笔开销。除了物业费，property tax也是一分不能少的。Condo一般户型较小，单身、年轻夫妻、老人选择这样的住房更多。

Co-op严格来说不是房屋。房主不拥有房屋本身，而是拥有开放此地产公司的一定数额的股份。想象一伙人志同道合，一起凑钱盖楼，注册公司，共同居住。"公司"股票随周边房地产市场和楼房本身状况起伏波动，"股东"们的利益也受到直接影响。拥有co-op也需要交纳每月的FEE，这其中包括了物业费、水电费和地税。作为股东，出租和出售你的股票（房屋）是需要董事会批准通过的。

Short sale/foreclosure

Foreclosure被在美国的华人翻译成"法拍屋"。国内翻译为"银行拍卖房"，后者准确点。实际上另外一种说法bank owned property更加清楚明白。Foreclosure是原屋主无法偿还贷款，被银行收回后再投入市场的房屋。普通人避开foreclosure sale的最大担忧是很多原屋主在被银行撵出房屋之前，抱着满腔的仇恨和破罐破摔的心理，开动脑筋花样百出的损毁房子。这其中表面的损毁容易在看房的过程中识别，而隐藏的祸害却会在日后居住期间不断的冒出来。购买银行拍卖房手续并不复杂。因为上面所说的"隐患"，房屋价格自然会略低于市场价，偶尔"捡漏儿"的机会也是存在的。

Short sale和foreclosure不同。

Short sale在股票交易中的翻译是"沽空"，也就是卖出自己所并不拥有的股票。在房产交易中，这是一类美国最近几年特别频繁出现的交易。国外有人翻译成"短售屋"，听起来不太吉利，说起来更让人伤心。

Short sale是foreclosure悬崖勒马的一步。话说前些年美国房市很火，那时候花了大把银子买房的房主们在经济危机的这两年面临着两个考验：一是收入减少；二是房价下滑。某些房主一觉醒来，发现自己欠银行的贷款竟然高于房屋目前的市场价，心拔凉拔凉的。而这些房主又面临收入减少的困境---还不出贷款，下一步就是被银行收回房屋、信用分数跳水、很多年都无法再次贷款买房，惨淡未来立现眼前。于是这些房主选择和银行达成协议：自己主动卖房，所得款全部归银行，双方各退一步尽量减少经济继续下滑会带来的损失。

因为Short sale的卖方自己并不从中得利，为了尽快成交，开出的售价往往另买房者"眼前一亮"。这样的交易会不会让银行做了"冤大头"呢？答案是当然不会! 在银行和房主签订的协议中，最重要的是声明了short sale必须由银行approve才能生效。而这个银行审批的过程就是short sale整个买卖环节中最令人头痛的程序。往往是买方等上了几个月，银行判定销售价格低于市场价不予成交，大家陪着银行玩了几百天，空欢喜一场。

Home owner's insurance/Home owner's warranty

Home owner's insurance也叫home insurance即房屋保险。和中国一样，美国的房屋贷款银行要求屋主必须购买。不同的是，即便是贷款已经还完或者现金购买的房屋，在全民保险意识强劲的美国，还是家家都会主动购买保险的。

Home owner's warranty plan，也叫home warranty在美国是非常普遍的一种保险计划。房产交易中卖房一方对所出售的房屋以及随房屋出售的设施承诺一年为期的warranty。具体的实施方式就是为买房一方购买为期一年的home warranty---用以保证房屋的屋顶不会漏雨，水管不会堵塞，空调不会罢工等等。总之就是帮助买房人（特别是我这样初次买房的新手儿）在刚刚搬入新居的日子里能睡个好觉。很多地方法律要求卖方为买方提供这样的保用。有的中介会做生意，把这个plan当作成交的礼物送给新屋主。我居住的纽约州索性是直接扣了卖房款中的500块钱塞给买家。Home warranty一般的年保费在300-500美金之间。一旦一年中房屋和设施出现了故障，保险公司会派contractor来进行检查修理，若是确定无法维修（这时候屋主多半会捂着嘴笑到内伤）---由保险公司负责买单更换。

看惯了北京上海的房价，每当有人感慨美国房价便宜的时候，我总是一副"承让了"的点头微笑。今天说说美国房主是怎么当牛做马的，也让大家高兴一下。

Home Repair/Improvement

听过这么一句话"Strive for continuous improvement, instead of perfection"。我想这可以是美国所有HOME OWNER的座右铭。

在中国看了太多崭新口亮的楼盘，以至于当我国内的亲戚们听说我买的房子已经在风雨中飘摇了六十多个春秋时都沉默不语。其实像纽约这样历史悠久的地段，几十年近百年的房屋遍地都是，且个个屹立不倒。真的是建筑质量高么？我看也不见得。

在美国，除非你是千万富翁，买了个HOUSE，就等于是找了个工作强度相当于劳动改造的兼职。打从房屋过了户开始，上水下水屋顶地库管线电路，一年到头，上了点年纪的HOUSE就像一部巨大的机器，每天都会有寿终正寝的部件，缺了任何一个都不能运转。Home Repair/Improvement，都是几十年（甚至上百年）的老房子，不repair能住么？不improve将来还能卖出去么？春天草皮不植等着斑秃的时候被邻居鄙视，夏天漏雨不堵要泡坏地基，秋天树叶不扫有碍市容会吃罚单，冬天下雪不铲滑倒了路人要吃官司。于是，上亿个不用交物业费、也没有便宜清洁工/管工/瓦工/电工可用的美国人个个走上了自学成才的道路。在美国的家装商店里能找到成百上千种电锯电钻工具礼盒套装、"夫妻两个人如何盖房子"的示范DVD、特小号儿童用油漆刷套装、"Dare to Repair（咱们妇女真敢干）"系列书──一套专门指导女性进行家装和修理的畅销书。

我在纽约市住APARTMENT的时候也羡慕人家住HOUSE的有生活情趣：大雪纷飞的时候烤烤真正的壁炉、夏日午后在庭院里对着玫瑰花喝茶。中产阶级的现实状况很多时候可真没那么浪漫---烤火是因为扫雪冻僵了，喝茶是因为剪树枝累瘫了。

在"买扇门三百块，安一扇门一百五的"消费环境下，美国人能自己干的都选择自己动手，渐渐也就形成了"全民爱修房"的风气。过年过节男性收到最多的礼物就是TOOL BOX，连街坊家一岁多还不会说话的小男孩都会拿起抹刀在地上比划，姿势有模有样，一看就是家学渊源。

当然也有自己干不了的活儿。那样的情况下多数是牵扯房屋外观结构的"大工程"。这样的工程就需要CONTRACTORS的参与，向地方政府申请BUILDING PERMIT，遵从BUILDING CODES，完工后通过检查领取CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY。一通折腾下来，怎么也要几个月时间，无底洞的投钱。选择这样的HOME REMODELING PROJECT，人们都会期待把所花费的数目添加到以后卖房时的房价中。当然这也成了所有美国大小改建承包商的最好广告词。

Property Tax Exemption/Credit

最后说说一个国内房主不需要花费的一笔巨大支出--- PROPERTY TAX。除了购买CO-OP的房主---其实也已经平摊到收费里了，每一个HOME OWNER每年（直到时间的尽头）都要缴纳数目不等的PROPERTY TAX。房子大地大的、学区好的、地方财政有钱的多交，其他的少交。缴纳的地税用于地方财政支出（警察消防基建卫生办公等）和当地公立学校的花销。每所房屋地税的数目是由两个数字决定的：一个是该房子的市场价(FAIR MARKET VALUE)，有专门的机构对此进行评估；一个是地方政府根据当时的财政状况决定的百分比数字(PROPERTY TAX RATE)，这个数字一般在1%到5%中间，有高有低。

既然收了税，美国各级政府也希望通过经济杠杆促进社会的和谐和进步。各种各样的TAX EXEMPTIONS和TAX CREDITS层出不穷。这里EXEMPTIONS是对房屋的需纳税金额进行减免，比如老人、残疾人、退伍军人、低收入家庭等房主都可以申请。TAX CREDIT是直接对所需要缴纳的税款进行减免，可以申请的范围包括安装特定节能设备或者维持整修古建筑的部分开支等等。

毕竟是关乎民生的大事，核定房屋市场价格的机构（ACCESSOR'S OFFICE）总是表现得非常"亲民"，热情接待，有错就改。于是很多人选择进行Property Tax Grievances的程序。他们自己或请专业的律师帮忙写状子、填表、收集资料，说服ACCESSOR'S OFFICE对自己的房屋市场价进行重新评估，以在未来减少地税的支出。以李老师多年以来在菜市场和小商贩讨价还价的经验和专业的话痨精神，相信明年我家县上的ACCESSOR定会被我折磨得稀里哗啦一败涂地。

（本文作者李淼曾任纽约市调查局调查员，美国期货行业协会审计调查员和CCTV9套节目播音等职.本栏目所述仅代表她的个人观点。）

英语面试中最令人挠头的六句话 Tips for Interviewing

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 11:37:00 +0000

英语面试中最令人挠头的六句话

2009/11/13 08:45:54

天涯社区李淼

NO.1 我最近六个月一直宅在家里

挠头系数：三颗星

表达难点：全球都经济危机了，找不到工作在家睡觉六个月算是什么丢人的事儿么？当然不是！不过您可千万别实话实说---I have been unemployed/jobless in the past six months. 又不是演员试镜，用不着把气氛渲染得这么凄惨。

表述技巧：当你的工作经历中间有比较大段的时间空白的时候，面试官不可避免的会问到这段时间你的whereabouts。这里应该尽量避免出现unemployed这种负面气场比较强烈的词。用一个词组"in between jobs"就可以委婉地表示这样的意思了。当然，最好的方式是告诉你的面试官：这半年虽然没有正式的工作，我可是一直没停止像金子一样的发光！

Q&A例句：

What have you been doing since your last job?

I've worked on a few freelance projects, while still actively job seeking.

I volunteered for a coaching program that assists physically disadvantaged children.

My grandmother needed a temporary caregiver at the hospital and I spent time looking after her.

I took some continuing education classes and seminars, for example…

NO.2 我是三好学生外加钢琴十级

挠头系数：三颗星

表达难点：需要陈述这样信息的多半是刚刚毕业的学生。本来就紧张，背下来的句子结结巴巴不说，还带着一些富有中国特色的专有名词，老外面试官听起来多半是一头雾水。我曾经面试过一个人大的女生，自我介绍的时候说她在校时得到过"Good Student Worker Award"。当时我脑子里出现的画面是一个粗壮劳动妇女开拖拉机的形象。后来小姑娘告诉我，人家那是想说"先进学生工作者"。

表述技巧：这里就是一句话---To put your feet into the interviewer's shoes---把你的脚放在面试官的鞋子里，意思是说设身处地为他/她着想。想想老外知道不知道"三好学生"是哪"Three good"；钢琴十级到底是高还是低；英语六级老外是不是也在大学的时候考过；与其用十分钟解释"通州区依法诚信纳税-共建和谐社会书法赛优秀奖"这么令人心跳加速的奖项还不如告诉人家I won a calligraphy contest funded by the local government. 虽然听起来不特别具体，但起码会让你和面试官在交流上"共建和谐"。

Q&A例句：

Could you please describe your achievements in college?

I've received the honor of the most outstanding student in 2009.

I received the level-10 professional recognition on piano-playing by the National Pianists Association, with 10 being the highest level.

I received first-class scholarship for finishing the year in the top 5 percent of the class.

NO.3 你们打算给我多少钱？

挠头系数：五颗星

表达难点：我们每个人最想问、最应该问----却最不适合问的问题。面试比较高层次的工作，一般工资福利都会在之前透露出来。面试entry level的职位，特别是类似店员、收银、护工、厨师这类服务性工作，劳动人民普遍比较爽快，习惯有话直说，你尽可以大胆的问"What's the pay like?" 麻烦的是中级职位，双方都会小心翼翼，互相试探着看能不能多占对方点儿便宜。这样的情况下，面试官问"Do you have any questions for me?" ，实际上是在给你挖坑呢！

表述技巧：WATCH OUT！既然前面有坑，第一件事就是坚决不跳。关于薪水的问题，最好是留给面试官抗不住了先来问你。在我以往面试过的几百人中，主动开口问工资的几乎很少幸存下来。即便侥幸"活"下来，我的经验来看，都没能经得住后来的考验。当然也有另外一个极端的例子：曾经有来面试的人向我表达即便不给钱也要干活儿的良好愿望。我除了心里感叹一声"傻孩子啊，不知人间疾苦"，并没有给他们任何SPECIAL CONSIDERATION。有坑不跳是常识，但难免有人抑制不住好奇要下去看看，这时候就只能采取迂回的方式了：先问问公司对你这个职位设定的具体工作描述，然后一脸无辜的"顺便问一下"这个职位的大概工资待遇。此方法貌似很傻很天真，但有可能让面试官觉得你很坏很狡猾，PLEASE USE WITH CAUTION。

Q&A例句：

What is the job description of mine when working with the company?

What are the day-to-day responsibilities of this job?

What are some of the skills and abilities necessary for someone to succeed in this job?

What's the salary range for this position here?

No. 4 我被上个老板炒了

挠头系数：五颗星

表达难点：如果你的上个老板是黄世仁，被炒的这个事实绝对会为你赚来大把的唏嘘和同情---可惜啊，现代版的黄世仁们都穿着PHD或者MBA的老羊皮袄，把自己包装得绝对专业和理性。他们都不要的人肯定有问题，凭什么处理给我呢！这种事儿还不好撒谎遮着，显得咱不诚信；不好破口骂前老板这个死变态，显得咱们不够和谐；不好实话实说他们给的钱不够您租房的；显得咱们不够大气......

表述技巧：炒鱿鱼也分几种。第一种：赶上经济危机，您是被一锅炒掉的。这个时候一定要表现的跟上甘岭的英雄一样，告诉面试官"我是坚持到最后的那一个！" 第二种：大环境没问题，但是你和老板同事气场不合，含泪出局。这种情况切忌在面试官面前像个怨妇一样诅咒别人。想要显得大度和无辜，一语带过是最佳做法。第三种：被炒的原因像和尚头顶的狮子---注意！这个可比虱子明显太多了！凡是因为严重失职、贪污盗窃、殴打客户等等原因被炒的，切忌出现任何时间地点人物类细节，直接用一个模糊的MISTAKE带过，速度越快越好，争取用一秒钟把面试官带进另外一个世纪。

Q&A例句：

Why were you fired?

I outlasted several downsizings but the last one hit me.

I've realized it was a blessing in disguise. Now I have an opportunity to explore jobs that better suit my qualifications and interests.

A new top management team came in and started cleaning house. They wanted to bring in members of their old team. It was unfortunate for me but it cleared my head to envision better opportunities elsewhere.

I made some mistakes that I regret, but I now know how I would better handle the situation.

I realized things could have been done differently after thinking about why I left. That job was a learning experience and I think I'm wiser now. I'd like the chance to prove that to you.

NO.5 主席也是人，我也是有缺点的。

挠头系数：四颗星

表达难点：以前我面试老师或者员工的时候从来都不问的一个问题就是"请你谈谈你的缺点"。眼看着人编瞎话还不许笑：太残忍了！虚头八脑的人和说话实在的人都会在这个问题里摔跤。HR提问的时候不是想从答案里找出什么闪闪发光的优缺点，主要是想看看面试者是否具备撒谎方面的天赋，二十一世纪最值钱的就是这种人才了。一直以来大家都知道回答这问题千万不能太实诚了。赖床、花心、迟到、传闲话这类"优秀素质"万万不可与它人分享。曾经有阵子同学们都学会了"装大尾巴狼"式的答案："I'm so compulsively serious about my work that I can't stop until the job is 100% done."。对不起，容我吐一个先。。。。。。

表述技巧：最省事的办法，找张纸写下十个专业人士必备的QUALITIES OR ABILITIES（素质或技能），比如cooperative, flexible, personal skills, experienced，creative，public speaking skills等等这些。然后挨个把你将要面试的职位最看重最需要的每一条划掉。看看最后剩下的有哪些，随便挑一个英语不绕嘴的，发音简单的，能举出具体事例和改进措施的---这个就是你的缺点啦！举个例子：如果你去面试一个秘书的职位，多半留下的|是public speaking skills。剩下的大半时间要说说你打算怎么克服这个缺点，举出来的例子一定要落到实处，要包括具体的时间地点人物！如果你能做到说着说着"不经意间"从口袋里掏出一个事先准备好的INDEX CARD，同时告诉面试官 "I'm currently taking workshops in public speaking skills development. Here's my homework for tonight's class."---那您可老厉害了，下个工作可以直接考虑跳槽到百老汇。

Q&A例句：

What is your greatest weakness?

I have had trouble in the past with scheduling and prioritization. However, I＇m now taking steps to correct this. I just started using a PDA . . .

In my last job, I wasn't able to develop my public-speaking skills. I'd really like to be able to work in a place that will help me get better at giving presentations and talking in front of others.

NO.6 我是谁？

挠头系数：三颗星

表达难点："Tell me about yourself."这是出现频率最高，大家普遍觉得最好回答，但是回答得最糟糕的问题。

普遍犯的错误有三种。第一种，英语自我介绍从小学英语角就开始背了，是大家说的最顺流的一段话。所以上来就不喘气地呱啦呱啦，没有重点没有停顿，除了制造噪音，自己都不知道呱啦了些啥。

第二种，上来就是"我叫韦小宝，我是扬州人，之前在国务院后勤部门工作，我娘叫春花我爹不详。。。"请准备这段话的时候先动脑子想一想，人家要不知道你叫韦小宝怎么打电话叫你过来的？你上的哪所大学简历上没写么？你家是扬州人跟你要申请的职位有关系么？

第三种，话痨。好不容易捞到一个机会倾诉，有的人一直不停地给我描述他的前世今生，听得我困啊累啊，之前攒的那点精神头儿都耗光了。没办法，第一个问题之后只能请这位走人了。

表述技巧：能够把握好这个问题基本上面试有了50%的把握。技巧在于要简洁、要有重点。简洁是希望你把回答这个问题的时间控制在一分半到两分钟之内。我们都很自私，今天就是LADY GAGA给我讲两分钟以上的ME ME ME ME ME ME，我也会忍不住发飙的。在准备面试的时候多REHEARSE几次，注意控制好时间，语速自然连贯（"自然"排在前面）。

有重点地描述自己是另外一个关键点。在这两分钟内，一定要把针对这个职位，把自己最大的优势描述出来。怎么描述？细节！中国人说话喜欢把具体的东西描述的抽象浪漫，西方人更倾向于细节的呈现。描述事件必须要具体到时间（年月日）地点（具体地址，具体方向）人物（姓名职位关系）。你说的东西一定是简历里面没机会写或者没机会ELABORATE的。之前毕业的学校，任职的机构，生辰八字，婚姻生活状况等等，和工作有关系的面试官会看简历，看不懂他/她会再问。好好利用这宝贵的两分钟，你的人生轨迹很有可能就此改变。

BTW，别忘了在"两分钟演说"的最后，轻吸一口气，露出幸福的微笑，补上一句"Is there anything else you want to know?"

Q&A例句：

Tell me about yourself

I'm a regional retail manager. I'm very strong in developing training programs and loss prevention techniques that have resulted in revenue savings of over $42Million for ABC Company during the past 10 years.

谷歌中国员工前路迷茫 Google China Employees in Limbo

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 10:53:00 +0000

谷歌中国员工前路迷茫

2010年 01月 14日 11:49

谷歌(Google)可能正在设立一个或给在华运营的外国公司带来深远影响的新标准，可能还会涉及数千万中国用户。但受冲击最大的莫过于数百名谷歌中国员工，其中包括一些中国最优秀的工程毕业生。就在不久之前，他们还被认为拥有中国科技行业最令人羡慕的工作。但现在，他们面临的是迷茫的未来。

对谷歌中国员工来说，如果谷歌真的如其警告的那样关闭中国部门，他们也将离开谷歌，挥别谷歌舒适的办公室。谷歌北京总部为员工提供了视频游戏，建造了可以练瑜伽和跳salsa舞的健身房，以及被谷歌员工赞为第一流的餐厅。

除了可能失业，从更为严重的方面来说，谷歌中国员工可能还会发现他们置身于中国政府对谷歌事件的反感情绪之中。谷歌首席法律顾问大卫·多姆德(David Drummond)在他的声明中强调，该决定是由公司在美国的管理团队做出的，为Google.cn今日成功而付出了无比巨大努力的中国团队对此毫不知情，也未曾参与。声明说，谷歌做出重新评估在华业务的决定是异常艰难的，而且这可能带来非常深远的影响。

不过，可能给谷歌中国员工带来一些慰藉的是：他们可能会成为求贤若渴的互联网竞争对手的追逐挖角对象。前谷歌中国员工杨丹宁(Dan Brody)半开玩笑地说，我猜测今天早上聚集在谷歌北京办公室外的人群中，大多数都是猎头。杨丹宁目前是Koolanoo Group的首席执行长，该公司在中国运营着数家网站。

严格来说，关闭Google.cn并不一定意味着谷歌将被迫完全撤出中国。除了已经对中国公司进行的诸多投资，谷歌可能还在中国拥有一些希望在谷歌英文网站做广告的客户。但鉴于谷歌尚未开始澄清中文内容前景，中国有关部门尚未对多姆德的声明作出回应，目前很难判断未来的状况会有多困难，也无法预测有多少人会留下来。

Loretta Chao / Aaron Back

Google China Employees in Limbo

2010年 01月 14日 11:49

Google (GOOG) may be setting a new standard that could have sweeping impact for foreign companies in China - and possibly have ramifications for its tens of millions of Chinese users. But no one will be more affected than the U.S. company's hundreds of Chinese employees, including some of the nation's top engineering graduates. Until recently they had what were considered some of the most coveted jobs in China's technology industry. Now, they're facing an uncertain future.

For staffers, saying goodbye to Google-if it closes its China office, as it warned might happen-would mean saying goodbye to the company's plush offices. Its Beijing headquarters has video games, a gym where people can take yoga and salsa classes, and a cafeteria that Google employees have boasted is top-notch.

On a more serious note, aside from potentially losing their jobs, Google employees in China may find themselves also may find themselves caught in the middle of any antipathy from the government over Google's public snub. Google Chief Legal Officer David Drummond assured in his statement stressed that the decision was made 'without the knowledge or involvement of our employees in China who have worked incredibly hard to make Google.cn the success it is today.' Google's decision to review its business operations in China 'has been incredibly hard,' the statement said. 'It will have potentially far-reaching consequences.'

But there may be some silver lining for Chinese Googlers: they are likely to be prime candidates for poaching by eager Internet competitors. 'I bet the biggest crowd outside the Google office in Beijing this morning [was] a crowd of headhunters,' says an only half-joking Dan Brody, an ex-Google China employee and CEO of Koolanoo Group, which operates several Chinese Web sites.

Technically, a closure of Google.cn doesn't necessarily mean the company will be forced to exit China completely. Aside from a number of investments Google has made in Chinese companies, Google may also have clients in China who want to advertise on its English Web site. But since the company has yet to begin de-faltering its Chinese content, and Chinese authorities have yet to respond to Mr. Drummond's statement, it's hard to say just how difficult things will get, or how many people will stick around to find out.

Loretta Chao / Aaron Back

聊天的技巧 Tips for Chatting with Guests

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 07:52:00 +0000

聊天的技巧

转自：天涯英语导游社区

电视剧《蜗居》中，男主角市长秘书嗔骂情人喜欢说"不会聊天"，通常这种情况发生在情人提及他的老婆时；官场小说《苍黄》中，当县办主任和新上任的县长同行，也不知该说些什么：正在进行中的领导班子选举的事不能说，有关自己顶头上司县委书记的不能说，牵涉到其他领导的不方便说，小说中提到了一个会聊天的领导，只讲段子，不谈正事，虽然让周围人很愉快，但大家笑完后又认为他过于轻浮，不干实事……会不会聊天，这个官场中的课题放到商场和职场也一样受人关注。

有的人天生会聊天。我遇到过一个友邦保险的高级销售经理，三十多岁的女士，能在初次见面时就给你推荐香港来的中医名家，跟你讲她在买房子和装修房子时遇到的趣事，和她认识一个小时后，你甚至已经知道她老公当初是怎么追她的以及她在结婚前谈过多少个男朋友，当然她在爆料之后会加上一句"这是我们私下讲讲哦。"这是我偶遇的唯一一个没让我反感的保险销售，因为她至始至终没有向我提过他们公司有关保险产品的任何事。但如果我想了解保险产品，我宁可找她咨询，因为她引起了我的好感，并让我毫无戒心。成功解除一个陌生人的戒心，在每个人的防范意识都很强的中国，已经是高超的本领。除了面善之外，她的技巧在于擅于观察——看出你穿得比别人多；擅于寻找话题——问你是不是怕冷；还乐于助人——热心地为你介绍中医调养的医生。

关心别人最关心的，通常能打开话匣子。在一个场合中，我遇到过一个认识的主编，打了几句哈哈后就没话说了。后来发现她和别人聊得热火朝天，原来是对方问到了她的宝贝女儿。当然，那时我还没有孩子，不知道这个话题天高海阔的内涵。但这个原则仅限与利益无关的话题，比如孩子啊，球技啊，NBA啊等等，若问起项目的中标价，本届选举的内定名单，就像问女人的年龄和商人的收入一样，让人讨厌了。

不懈向细节挺进。这个聊天的技巧和创造好的文学作品的技巧是一致的。台湾主持人蔡康永在谈到《康熙来了》的成功时也提到这一技巧。只说"和女朋友去逛街"太平淡了，"和女朋友在电脑城逛了两个小时，最后女朋友买了个摄像头，为的是和另一个男生聊天，并坚持自己买单……"才有趣。细节越细，留下的印象越深刻，作品越好看，聊天越成功。为了达到这个目的，介绍一个新闻系的工作技巧给你：5个W加一个H，多问Who,Where,What,When,Why以及How，细节就来了。但和采访不同的是，聊天的时候，不仅要对方乐于交待5个W和一个H，自己也需要不断自我爆料才行。

如何通过交谈让彼此都感到愉悦，同时又不失真诚，是一门学校里不教，但工作中不能不会的必修课。没有天赋，同样可以通过后天的努力变成健谈的人。我的领悟也许只是苍海一粟，但曾被这个课题困扰过的人一定像大海中的水珠那么多。

关于"聊天"的"文字聊天"能引发这么多的关注，是我没料到的。索性再聊一场。

一次好的聊天就像一段好的相声，既需要逗哏，也需要捧哏。逗哏是需要天赋、个人魅力以及技巧的，通常是话痨子的专利。但捧哏人人做得，只要你甘当绿叶——而根据我的观察，这个素质也相当稀缺，更多的人还是愿意自己当红花，这当然会引起其他红花的排挤。所以，当不了红花不要紧，会当绿叶也是很受市场欢迎的。

技术高的绿叶，需要适时地给红花提内容的醒——比如：你当时签下那个单时不也很搞笑么？还要适时地制造戏剧冲突——比如：别乱讲了，我记得当时根本不是你骂他，而是他骂你嘛——目的是为了给"红花"火上浇油，让聊天的场面更加烈焰熊熊。当然绿叶需拿捏火候，若红花一时语塞，找不到台阶下来，绿叶还得赶快给人家端台阶，不然就结了梁子，虽然红花的挫折承受力普遍较强，但凡事都有个限度。客观地说，我算是优质绿叶，因为我不擅和不熟的人谈得热火朝天，却擅长自嘲而且不怕被嘲讽。偶尔我也客串红花，在和比我更闷的人交往时。总的感觉是，做红花比较累，一边嘴里在说话，一边脑子里要想着这个说完了，下面说什么。而且我发现虽然我也听过很多段子，可是当我想复述时，却往往不是忘了开头，就是忘了结尾。因此如果不是必须做逗哏，我个人还是倾向于做捧哏。事实上，如果你能让一个人对着你滔滔不绝地讲下去，也会引起对方的好感，这种好感甚至比你对他滔滔不绝地讲段子更强烈。

初次见面时的聊天，开心比表达自己真实的想法更重要。社交场上的老外很多时候在这方面更加机灵。一次遇到位《When China Rules the World》的作家，因为他在书中举了很多历史上中国统治世界的例子——连中国皇家的马球疑似高尔夫球的雏形也写在里面，并进而推断出中国统治世界只是个时间问题的结论。于是我对他说："作为一个中国人，我热爱您的结论。"他反问我："你指的是高尔夫球那一节吗？"我一时想不起怎么回他，只好哈哈了事。当晚回家后，我万分遗憾地想到：如果我当时说"你能论证一下网球是中国人发明的吗？我喜欢费德勒多些"该多好啊。抖机灵式的聊天需要的是发散性思维，借助对方的话，飞到更有趣的地方去，而不必在意话语本身的意思。这对于在封闭式教育体系中长大的中国人，绝对是个挑战。

此外，对不熟的人不要急着表达自己的带有价值判断的真实想法：比如你这么想有点崇洋媚外，那个人比较卑鄙……事实上，毫无保留地表达自己的真实想法是件奢侈的事，就算对再好的朋友，再亲的人也不能百分百做到——就连最亲的妈妈也很可能被你的真心话惹怒——这就是为什么我们得找心理医生，也就是花钱找人听我们真心话的原因了。

Dow to earth 他可真“脚踏实地”了一回

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Sun, 03 Jan 2010 03:08:00 +0000

Down to earth – my cousins were always the outdoor, adventurous types, learning how to canoe and windsurf and abseil and so on. One day, one of them climbed onto the top of the house to fix some tiles with my uncle. The next minute he appeared at the kitchen door a little bit dazed and his mother, who was cooking lunch, looked at him in surprise and said: 'What are you doing here? I thought you were helping your Dad.''I've just fallen off the roof, Mum', he said.
Apparently he had overbalanced and toppled over backwards. Because he had recently been doing parachute training -his latest hobby- he had rolled over automatically when he hit the ground, without thinking. This was a big, old two-storey house and he must have been at least 10 metres from the ground, but he didn't have a scratch on him!

***********英语导游服务词典*********
down to earth
D.J.['daʊntu:'ɜ:θ, -tə-]
K.K.['daʊntu'ɚθ, -tə-]
务实地, 现实地
He is the everyday down to earth kind of person, I like to cooperate with him.
他是一个脚踏实地的人, 我愿意与他合作。

***********英语导游服务词典*********
outdoor
D.J.['autdɔ:]
K.K.['aʊt,dɔr, -,dor]
adj.
1 户外的, 露天的
2 喜欢户外活动的
***********英语导游服务词典*********
canoe
D.J.[kə'nu:]
K.K.[kə'nu]
n.
小而轻的舟, 独木舟

***********英语导游服务词典*********
windsurf
D.J.['wɪnd,sɜ:f]
K.K.['wɪnd,sə..f]
vi.
作风帆冲浪运动

***********英语导游服务词典*********
abseil
D.J.['ɑ:bzail]
K.K.['ɑp,zaɪl, -,saɪl, 'æb-]
n.
(登山运动中的)沿绳滑下法

***********英语导游服务词典*********
tile
D.J.[tail]
K.K.[taɪl]
n.
瓦片, 瓷砖
vt.
用瓦片、瓷砖等覆盖

***********英语导游服务词典*********
dazed
D.J.[deɪzd]
K.K.[dezd]
adj.
晕眩的;茫然的

***********英语导游服务词典*********
overbalance
D.J.[,əuvə'bæləns]
K.K.[,ovɚ'bæləns]
vt. & vi.
(使)失去平衡而歪倒

***********英语导游服务词典*********
topple over
v.
推翻,颠覆,倒塌

***********英语导游服务词典*********
topple
D.J.['tɔpl]
K.K.['tɑpəl]
vi.
不稳而倒下
vt.
将…推翻, 打倒

***********英语导游服务词典*********
backwards
['bækwədz]
adj.
1 向后的, 倒行的
2 返回的, 落后的
adv.
1 向后, 往后
2 倒, 逆

***********英语导游服务词典*********
parachute
D.J.['pærəʃu:t]
K.K.['pærə,ʃut]
n.
降落伞
vt. & vi.
用降落伞降落

***********英语导游服务词典*********
the latest
最新的新闻;最新的发展[发现];最新式样
***********英语导游服务词典*********
roll over
从(边上)滚下; (使)翻滚, (使)打滚
***********英语导游服务词典*********
scratch
D.J.[skrætʃ]
K.K.[skrætʃ]
vt. & vi.
1 抓, 搔
2 刮伤
3 勾掉, 删掉
n.
1 抓; 搔痒
2 抓痕, 抓伤
3 刮擦声

Climb every mountain 攀登每座高山

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Sun, 03 Jan 2010 02:44:00 +0000

Climb every mountain – one of my best memories of early physical endeavour was climbing Ben Nevis, which is the tallest mountain in the British Isles. It was a glorious day, whichis pretty rare for that part of Scotland, and we walked up in about five hours. The last bit is pretty hard going as it's a zigzag path of big stones. We took the family dog and she had a really difficult time of it. The strangest thing was that we didn't see too many people on the way up, and then when we reached the top it was suddenly covered with Japanese tourists. I can only presume they had been airlifted there by helicopter.

presume
D.J.[pri'zju:m]
K.K.[prɪ'zum]
vt.
以为; 假定
vi.
1 冒昧地做某事; 错用
2 自作主张, 放肆

airlift
D.J.['eə,lɪft]
K.K.['ɛr,lɪft]
n.
1 空运
2 空运的旅客(或货物)；空运补给线
vt.
空运

an enterprise or undertaking.
事业，活动
a political endeavour.
政治事业。

Ben Nevis
D.J.['ni:vɪs, 'nevɪs]
K.K.['nivɪs, 'nɛvɪs]
本·尼维斯(大不列颠境内的最高山峰, 海拔1, 343.8米(4, 406英尺), 位于苏格兰西部的格兰扁山脉)

zigzag path
曲折路线

cover with
1 用…遮盖住, 用…填满
2 被(感情)所压倒

reach
D.J.[ri:tʃ]
K.K.[ritʃ]
vt.
1 到达
2 联络
vt. & vi.
伸出手臂; 延伸
n.
1 伸手可及的距离
2 (江河的)河段

Learning to swim, learning to drown 学游泳，学溺水-如何描述你学游泳的经历

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Sat, 02 Jan 2010 23:54:00 +0000

Learning to swim, learning to drown – I learned to swim comparatively
late, I suppose, I was maybe nine years old, but my brother had a
traumatic experience which nearly put him off for life. We lived in
the USA for a while and had access to a university pool where the
coaches had trained the American Olympic team. In those days, though,
their idea of teaching kids how to swim was to tie a tin can to their
ankles with a bit of string, throw them in the deep end and shout
'Swim!'. I'm surprised my brother survived at all. He could only have
been about six at the time.

drown
D.J.[draun]
K.K.[draʊn]
vt. & vi.
(使)淹没, (使)溺死

comparatively
D.J.[kəm'pærətɪvlɪ]
K.K.[kəm'pærətɪvlɪ]
adv.
1 对比地；相对地
2 比较地;有点,稍微

traumatic
D.J.[trɔ:'mætɪk]
adj.
1 <医>外伤的;外伤用的
2 (经历)痛苦难忘的,造成精神创伤的
n.
外伤药

put off
1 延期
2 阻碍做某事
3 (停车)让某人下
4 使分心
5 关掉
6 敷衍, 推诿
7 脱去(衣、帽等)
8 丢弃, 摆脱

tie
D.J.[tai]
K.K.[taɪ]
n.
1 领带, 领结
2 关系; 联系
3 束缚, 牵连, 累赘
vt.
系, 拴, 绑
vt. & vi.
打结; 系上

ankle
D.J.['æŋkl]
K.K.['æŋkəl]
n.
踝, 踝关节

string
D.J.[striŋ]
K.K.[strɪŋ]
n.
1 线, 细绳
2 (乐器上的)弦
3 一串, 一行
4 一连串, 一系列
vt.
1 装弦于, 上弦
2 用线串

tin can
n.
锡杯

Forest hike 森林徒步-如何描述你喜欢的运动

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Sat, 02 Jan 2010 23:49:00 +0000

Forest hike – I remember having to lead a group of eight boys on a
school expedition for the best part of two days when I was a teenager.
Even though we got lost at one point, I managed to keep them all
together and got them from one end of a large forest to the other and
back by sheer force of will. I was chosen to be the leader, I think,
because I was the only one who knew how to read a map! When we arrived
back at the campsite we found out that all the other groups had
cheated and hitched most of the way instead... I felt a bit of a mug,
but also rather proud of myself at the same time for having done it
properly.

hitch
D.J.[hitʃ]
K.K.[hɪtʃ]
vt. & vi.
(免费)搭乘他人之车; 搭便车
We hitched a ride in a truck yesterday.
我们昨天顺便搭乘了一辆卡车。

expedition
D.J.[,ekspi'diʃən]
K.K.[,ɛkspɪ'dɪʃən]
n.
1 远征; 探险; 考察
2 迅速, 动作敏捷

teenager

[ˈti:nˌeidʒə]

noun
a person aged between 13 and 19 years
SYNONYM 同义词:adolescent, boy, girl, juvenile, minor,youngster, youth.

mug
D.J.[mʌɡ]
K.K.[mʌɡ]
n.
圆筒形有柄大杯
There are three coffee mugs on the table.
桌子上有三个大咖啡杯。
〈口〉容易受骗的人, 傻瓜
I don't think some mug will buy his fake jewellery.
我想没有哪个傻瓜会买他的假珠宝。

中国处决英国公民英中陷入外交争执 CHINA AND UK IN RIFT OVER DRUG EXECUTION

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 13:37:00 +0000

中国处决英国公民英中陷入外交争执

英国《金融时报》帕提

英国和中国昨日陷入一场激烈的外交争执。此前中国政府处决了一名被判犯有走私毒品罪的英国公民，尽管据称此人患有精神疾病，不宜受审。

对于中国处决现年53岁的阿克毛·沙伊克(Akmal Shaikh)，英国首相戈登·布朗(Gordon
Brown)表示强烈谴责。沙伊克有三个子女，他将海洛因走私到中国时被抓获。

英国方面一直辩称，有强烈迹象表明，沙伊克患有一种精神疾病，而这本应让他得到宽大处理。

布朗表示，他对中国处决沙伊克之举表示"最强烈的谴责"，并且"对于没有进行任何精神健康鉴定尤其感到关切"。

英国外交部正式传召中国驻英大使，由部长级官员伊凡·路易斯(Ivan Lewis)当面表示谴责，以强调英方的愤怒。

路易斯在一次"艰难的对话"期间告诉中国大使，中国"未能履行基本的人权责任"。

英国官员私下表示，对于本案的性质，他们采取"现实的"态度，不认为这会影响深化的英中政治及贸易关系。

不过，中国作出了强硬的回应，称如果英方不希望损害两国关系，就应该收回批评。

北京方面在一份有望引起普通中国人共鸣的声明中表示，中国民众对毒品犯罪"极为憎恨"，这源自"痛苦的历史记忆"，此言意指19世纪英国在强迫中国进口鸦片方面所扮演的角色。

"打击走私毒品的犯罪活动，是全世界人民的共同愿望，"中国外交部表示。

中国外交部补充表示，中国政府希望"一起孤立的刑事案件"不会影响更广泛的双边关系。

沙伊克周二在中国新疆首府乌鲁木齐被执行死刑。

他的家人发表声明称，要求沙伊克证明自己患有精神疾病是"荒唐的"。据信沙伊克患有双极人格失常(bipolar disorder)。

大赦国际(Amnesty International)表示，中国去年处决的人数，超过世界其它国家处决人数的总和。

初步迹象显示，中国公众舆论普遍赞同对沙伊克执行死刑。在人气颇高的门户网站搜狐(Sohu.com)进行的调查中，多数应答者表示支持。

即使在英国，公众舆论至少也有所分化。在一家读者颇多的英国报纸上，一篇专栏文章提出，中国处决沙伊克的决定也许是有道理的，而读者在网上对这篇文章表示支持。

译者/和风

CHINA AND UK IN RIFT OVER DRUG EXECUTION

By Patti Waldmeir in Shanghai, and Jim Pickard and James Blitz in
London 2009-12-30

Britain and China were yesterday engaged in a fierce diplomatic
argument after the Chinese government executed a UK citizen for drug
trafficking, in spite of claims he was mentally ill and unfit to stand
trial.

In an act that was roundly condemned by Gordon Brown, Britain's prime
minister, China executed Akmal Shaikh, a 53-year-old father of three,
who was caught smuggling heroin into China.

Britain had long argued there were strong signs Mr Shaikh suffered
from a mental condition and that this should have prompted an act of
clemency.

Mr Brown said he condemned the execution "in the strongest terms" and
was "particularly concerned that no mental health assessment was
undertaken".

The UK foreign office underscored its anger by formally summoning the
Chinese ambassador in London to the foreign office for a confrontation
with Ivan Lewis, one of its ministers.

Mr Lewis told the ambassador in a "difficult conversation" that China
had "failed in its basic human rights responsibilities."

British officials privately indicated that they were "realistic" about
the nature of the case and did not believe it would undermine the
deeper political and trading relationship between Britain and China.

China, however, reacted toughly, saying the British should withdraw
their criticism if they did not want to damage relations between the
two.

In a statement that will resonate with ordinary Chinese, Beijing said
"strong resentment" about illegal drugs in the country was based on
"the bitter memory of history", a reference to Britain's role in the
19th century in enforcing the import of opium into China.

"It is the common wish of people around the world to strike against
the crime of drug trafficking," the Chinese foreign ministry said.

The foreign ministry added that Beijing hoped "an individual criminal
case" would not affect broader bilateral ties.

Mr Shaikh was executed on Tuesday in Urumqi, the capital of China's
westernmost province of Xinjiang.

His family issued a statement saying it was "ludicrous" that their
relative was required to prove his own mental disability, thought to
be bipolar disorder.

China carried out more executions than the rest of the world put
together last year, Amnesty International said.

Early signs of Chinese public opinion showed widespread approval of
the execution, with most respondents on website Sohu.com, a popular
portal, supporting it.

Even in the UK public opinion was at least somewhat divided, with
readers of a popular British newspaper posting support online for a
column suggesting the decision may have been justified.

westernmost
D.J.['westən,məʊst]
K.K.['wɛstən,most]
adj.
最西的

sheikh
D.J.[ʃeɪk]
n.
(阿拉伯的)酋长,族长,首领;王子
the domain ruled by a sheikh
一个酋长统治的区域
伊斯兰教的宗教领袖,教主,教长

justified
D.J.['dʒʌstɪfaɪd]
K.K.['dʒʌstə,faɪd]
adj.
有正当理由的，合理的

clemency
D.J.['klemənsi:]
K.K.['klɛmənsi]
n.
1 宽容;仁慈
2 (尤指气候等)温和

你不认识就落伍了：2009年英语新单词 New Words of 2009

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 12:49:00 +0000

你不认识就落伍了：2009年英语新单词

http://www.daoyou.org 导游网

　　《韦氏大词典》公布2009年新收录词条

　　只要关注一下《韦氏大词典》每年新收录的新词，就知道英语文化圈中又出现了那些新鲜的潮流趋势。近年来，每当在美国最为畅销的《韦氏大词典》公布新添加的热门词条词汇时，都会形成一股跟风讨论的热流。这不，最新版的《韦氏大词典》又公布了2009年度新添加的词汇。美联社对此评论说，这些词条在很大程度上反映了社会的变迁……

　　环境保护

　　green-collar / 绿领

　　绿领是指从事环境卫生、环境保护、农业科研、护林绿化等行业以及那些喜欢把户外、山野作为梦想的人们，其中尤其指那些保护自然环境的行动。

　　"绿领"一族的年龄普遍年轻化，他们多出生于上世纪70年代至80年代初，深受各种新思潮的影响；毕业后工作在大都市，具有开阔的视野。在环境污染、生存压力过大的背景之下，他们倡导"善待自己和善待环境"的生活主张，并在城市时尚人群中标榜开来。

　　carbon footprint / 碳足迹

　　碳足迹是用来标示一个人或者团体的"碳耗用量"。"碳"，就是石油、煤炭、木材等由碳元素构成的自然资源。"碳"耗用得多，导致地球暖化的元凶"二氧化碳"也制造得多，"碳足迹"就大，反之"碳足迹"就小。总的来说"碳足迹"就是指一个人的能源意识和行为对自然界产生的影响。

　　网络传播

　　vlog / 影像网络日志

　　博客(blog)现在是网络世界中的热门用语，即网络日记。而后生影像网络日志(vlog)则大有取代前者之势。vlog是指在互联网上发布视频形式的网络日志，主题非常广泛，可以是博主对一些问题的讨论，也可以是日常生活的琐碎小事。只需把摄像头对准自己或自己感兴趣的事物，然后把这些片段上传到网上即可。

　　webisode / 网络视频短片

　　在韦氏词典中，webisode特别指的是那些从电视节目中节选出来的视频，或者没有公开过的视频镜头，被上传到网上供人浏览。据悉，webisode一词或由episode进化而来。episode在英文中指"一段情节"，相对应的，webisode则是指"网络趣事，网络轶闻"等等。

　　sock puppet / 马甲

　　英文本意为"袜子木偶"，最早出现在1959年。现在指出于欺骗目的而使用假网络身份，比如人们在网络上经常使用"马甲"登录。

　　生活方式

　　staycation / 宅度假

　　指在家里度过假期。这种度假方式随着经济形势恶化而开始流行，《韦氏大词典》出版公司主席莫尔斯形容它已经"流行到令大词典无法忽视"。

　　flash mob / 快闪族

　　指一群素昧平生的人通过网络、手机短信等事先约定活动主题、时间、地点，然后一起做出夸张举动，这种活动的过程通常短得令旁人来不及反应。快闪族是都市时尚文化中的一种，是现代人在忙碌之余和世界开的一个善意的玩笑。据称快闪族最早起源于2003年5月美国纽约的曼哈顿。当时一个名叫比尔的组织者召集了500余人，在纽约时代广场的玩具反斗城中，朝拜一条机械恐龙，5分钟后众人突然迅速离去，快闪族因此而闻名。

　　草根文化

　　shawarma / 沙瓦玛

　　中东地区常见的烤肉卷，也被称为中东地区的三明治，通常指的是在皮塔面包(希腊和中东地区的一种食物)中夹上羊肉、鸡肉或者蔬菜。

　　reggaeton / 雷击顿

　　雷击顿是指结合了说唱音乐和加勒比风格旋律的音乐形式，据称源于牙买加。确切地说，雷击顿早在30多年前就诞生过一次了。那些去巴拿马修建运河的牙买加劳工在牙买加"舞厅音乐"的基础上加进了许多拉丁音乐成分，创造出了一种新的节奏，这就是雷击顿的雏形。但是在美国流行音乐的强势下，它只能在极小的范围内流行。2004年，纽约一个过气的嘻哈歌手N.O.R.E。录制了一首雷击顿风格的歌曲《听我歌唱》，在美国的舞厅里一炮打响，从此雷击顿进入了人们的视线。

　　政府行为

　　waterboarding / 水刑

　　这个词的历史可追溯至中世纪。它指受审者被绑在木板上，脸部被用布或纸张盖住，然后有人向其脸上喷水，或者受审者被头部朝下浸入水中，产生即将窒息或溺水身亡的感觉。

　　《韦氏大词典》将这个词归入"政府行为"类，因为这是一种声名狼藉的审讯方式，特别是美国在占领伊拉克之后，这个词愈发流行。

中英早餐比比看 Chinese Breastfast vs English Breakfast

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 12:31:00 +0000

中英早餐比比看

标签：早餐文化饮食差异中英美食分类：导游知识

It is widely accepted that breakfast is the most important meal in the
day. 早餐breakfast由break和fast两个词组成。这里的fast不是形容词"快"的意思，而是名词，意为"斋戒、禁食"，形容漫漫长夜都没有东西吃。而早上的第一餐breakfast，也有break
the fast，解禁，可以吃东西的意思，this fast is broken by the first meal of the day
referred to as breakfast。

Mainland China

北方：
花卷 huājuǎn、馒头mántou (steamed breads)、烧饼shāobǐng (unleavened
pocket-bread with sesame)、包子bāozi (steamed buns with meat or vegetable
stuffing)、豆浆(soy milk)。

南方：

糍饭团ci fan tuan、油豆腐粉丝yóu doù fu fěnsī (a soup made by fried tofu and
cellophane noodles)、咸鸭蛋、咸菜、松花蛋配白粥plain rice porridge served with
numerous side dishes such as salted duck eggs, pickled vegetables, and
century eggs、甜浆或鲜浆配烧饼油条sweetened or savoury soy milk served with
shāobǐng or yóutiáo、肠粉rice noodle rolls、炒面fried noodles、发糕fagao (rice
cakes)、煎饼(thin crispy omelets with fillings folded in)、萝卜糕lúobogāo
(turnip cakes)、粽子zòngzi (another kind of rice cake wrapped in bamboo
leaves)。

Taiwan

In Taiwan, breakfasts tend to be a mix of Northern and Eastern Chinese
dishes and the traditional south-eastern Chinese fare. This is more
pronounced in cities with high proportions of people of mainland Han
Chinese descent, such as Taipei. 由于历史的因素，台湾的早餐没有鲜明的本地特征，而是中国各地的混合体。

Hong Kong
In a Hong Kong cha chaan teng breakfasts might consist of Hong
Kong-style milk tea, coffee, ham, and fried eggs, and a bowl of
macaroni soup with ham. In upmarket restaurants or hotels, however,
standard English and Continental breakfasts are served.
港式茶餐厅的早餐包含有港式奶茶、咖啡、火腿、煎蛋、火腿通粉。而高档的饭店或者酒店里还会提供标准的英式和欧式早餐。

英式早餐

英国人喜欢a substantial hot meal for breakfast，英国酒店餐厅的Full English
Breakfast英式早餐全餐，比其他国家的正餐还要丰富，绝非只有牛角包配果酱咖啡的欧式早餐Continental
Breakfast可比。这份早餐俗称the
fry-up，因为里面多是煎炸的食物：香肠sausage，腌肉bacon，蘑菇mushroom，番茄tomato。除此之外，还有土司toast，英式烤饼scone，茄汁焗豆baked
beans等传统食物。

吃英式早餐，鸡蛋是不能少的。鸡蛋通常有fried，scrambled，boiled和poached四种烹调方法。

Fried是煎，英国人煎蛋，通常只煎一面，蛋黄生生的，俗称"太阳蛋"，也就是美国人口中的sunny side
up；Scrambled是炒；Boiled是把鸡蛋连壳直接放进水里煮，熟透的叫做hard-boiled，半熟的叫做soft-boiled；Poached是把蛋去壳后用温水煮，煮出来的蛋内生外熟，形状不一。

去饭店要鸡蛋的时候，服务员问你蛋要怎么煮，你就可以说：I'll have them scrambled,
please，也可以直接说Scrambled, please。

英式早餐全餐虽然丰富好吃，但它not usually served at breakfast time during the
week。许多人选择reserve the full cooked breakfast for weekends，或者干脆去café
和pub享用。饭店也是个不错的选择，因为那里的早餐quite substantial in size and variety。

90后“小”导游，喜欢“装老”A Young Guide Likes to Pretend to Be She is Mature

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 12:07:00 +0000

90后"小"导游，喜欢"装老"

　　旅行社之花

　　人物档案：

　　曾慧珊，东莞东行天下旅行社导游、前台销售，工作经验一年。

　　都说导游很年轻，但曾慧珊还是记者采访到的第一位90后的导游。未满20岁的曾慧珊认为，90后喜欢潮流的东西，但他们也能为工作废寝忘食；90后喜欢玩，但遇到工作难题也会沉着冷静。她希望旅游行业及客户，都能相信90后、支持90后，让刚踏入社会的90后有一个更广阔的发展空间。

　　90后照样很独立

　　记者：为什么你一毕业就来东莞，而不留在家里？从事旅游行业很辛苦，你为什么要选择这个行业？

　　曾慧珊：我是惠州人，18岁刚毕业就到东莞东行天下旅行社工作，主要从事导游和前台销售工作。离开家乡最重要是希望锻炼自己的独立能力，一天到晚呆在父母身边的孩子是永远不会长大的，只有自己去感受世间的人情冷暖，才能真正地学会如何生存，获得独立生活的本领。当然，我刚开始到东莞工作，家里人非常反对，也很担心。一年过去了，家人看到我为人处世的进步，看到我变成熟了，才逐渐放心。

　　独立的过程肯定很辛苦，因为所有的事情都要自己一个人面对和解决，尤其在工作中遇到挫折和压力的时候，也曾经想过要退缩，但最终还是坚持下来了。所以，要想独立，首先要的就是一份坚持。如果遇到不开心的事情，多找同学或前辈聊聊，当你说出来后，人也轻松多了，事情也许就能迎刃而解。

　　其实从中学初一开始，每年的暑假我都会去打暑期工，在学校的时候也经常做勤工俭学。在最高峰的时候，做暑期工能赚1000多元一个月。就是因为有了经常参加工作实践的机会和经历，使得我的独立能力比一般的学生要强一些，能吃苦，能受委屈。这些所有的东西，都是做导游的基础。因为做导游很辛苦，我有很多旅游专业毕业的同学，都从事其他行业，最多在周六、周日的时候出来做兼职。我的性格比较好动，安静不下来，所以我比较喜欢专职从事旅游行业。

　　不告诉客人真实年龄

　　记者：年龄会不会成为你工作的障碍？客人会不会刁难你？

　　曾慧珊：如果告诉客人我的真实年龄，客人可能会有一种不信任感，尤其是年长一点的客人，认为我还是小孩，没有能力照顾好其他人。因此，我一般不告诉客人我的真实年龄，带团的时候我就会装"老"。由于我长的比较成熟，而且没有90后的"非主流"式标准打扮———爆炸头和五颜六色的打扮，因此客人没有几个猜测我没满20岁。有一次我带一个学生团，一些学生以为我至少二十多岁还叫我阿姨，我马上澄清表示自己其实也没有年长他们多少。由于年龄的问题，我带团的时候还是闹了不少笑话。

　　记者：你认为自己从事旅游行业的优势是什么？

　　曾慧珊：沟通能力和笑容是我能顺利从事这个行业的两大法宝。可能我是中专生的缘故，在与客人沟通的时候我没有摆任何架子，相反还会尽自己最大的努力帮助客人，另外我的性格比较"粗"，比较坦白单纯，很多前辈和客人都喜欢我这种性格。只要我有什么问题请教前辈，他们都愿意帮我和指点我，使我入行很快，客人也比较喜欢单纯一点的导游。

　　另一方面，我的笑容也为我日常的工作挽回不少分。很多客人曾经开玩笑跟我说，你笑容那么好，即使要去旅行社投诉你也不忍心。一个人肯定有开心和不开心的时候，但作为一个导游，你必须学会控制自己的情绪，从接团开始，无论你有多累，心情有多糟糕，一上旅游车，就要马上调整自己的情绪。
文/记者谢仲娟

2015年中国的富裕家庭数量将位居全球第四位Fourth-largest number of wealthy households by 2015

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 11:51:00 +0000

麦肯锡： 2015年中国的富裕家庭数量将位居全球第四位

根据全球管理咨询公司麦肯锡4月2日发布的一份最新报告，到2015年时，预计中国将拥有400多万个富裕家庭，成为仅次于美国、日本和英国的全球富裕家庭数量第四多的国家。富裕家庭指家庭年收入超过25万人民币的城市家庭，中国此类家庭的数量在2008年时就已达到了160万。

麦肯锡就此问题开展了一次大规模调研，对来自中国16个城市的1750个富裕家庭进行了面对面的访谈。调研结果揭示了中国富裕消费者迅速增长变化的特征。目前，富裕家庭在中国城市家庭总数中占比不到1%，但其绝对数量正以每年16％的速度递增。另外，约有一半的富裕消费者在四年前尚不富裕，而一半以上在五六年内将步入富裕消费者之列的人今天并不富裕。

麦肯锡指出，当市场中呈现出这样的爆炸式增长时，消费习惯也正经历快速变化。例如：几年前，大部分中国消费者都是在国外购买奢侈品。现在，60%的奢侈品购买行为发生在中国内地。

当前，富裕消费者主要集中在东部和中南部地区，其中30％生活在中国四个最大的城市中。中国前十大城市中生活着50%的富裕消费者，而美国前十大城市仅拥有该国25%的富裕消费者。麦肯锡预计，中国四分之三的新增富裕消费者将来自四大城市以外的地区。

该报告还显示了中国消富裕消费者最令人瞩目的特点就是他们比其它国家的富裕消费者要年轻很多。中国富裕消费者的平均年龄比美国和日本消费者要年轻20岁，其中约80%的年龄在45岁以下，而美国45岁以下的富裕消费者仅占30%，日本仅占19%。另外，与中国其它消费者相比，富裕消费者受到了更好的教育，而且较多地来自私营企业业主这个社会阶层。

中国最富有的消费者和大多数其他类型的消费者之间也存在显著的不同。比如，富裕消费者更加信任外国品牌，通常是购买新技术的第一批消费者，而且为高质量商品支付溢价的意愿比主流消费者高得多。富裕消费者在另一方面也显示出不同特征，这一特征有些出人意料：在接受麦肯锡调查的富裕消费者中，53%的人承认他们很难在工作和个人生活之间找到平衡，而只有17%的主流消费者表示有这一问题。

根据麦肯锡调查，中国的富裕消费者不仅与国外的富裕消费者和中国不很富裕的消费者不同，同时，他们群体内部的态度和行为也各不相同。研究根据富裕消费者不同的需求和态度将这个群体分为7个客户群。

麦肯锡亚洲消费者中心负责人、报告作者之一狄维瑞指出："在当前的全球经济形势下，即使是富裕消费者的消费也会有所放缓。但这并不意味着中国富裕消费者对各个领域的生产商、零售商和服务商就不再重要了。更好地了解这些消费者有助于他们制定相应的营销战略，使他们更好地满足中国不同类型富裕消费者的需求，并以更加有效和高效的方式向这些消费者进行营销。"

"随着中国富裕消费者的数量达到一定规模，全球的奢侈品牌需要增加投入，以使其营销方式适应这些消费者的独特特性和需求。与此同时，那些现在针对主流消费者的品牌如果能将其品牌的价值定位于中国的富裕消费者，可能获得巨大的增长机会。"麦肯锡上海分公司副董事、该报告的共同撰写者安宏宇说。

fourth-largest number of wealthy households by 2015

By 2015, China is expected to have more than 4 million wealthy
households, making it the world's fourth-largest country in terms of
its number of wealthy households after the United States, Japan, and
the United Kingdom, says a new report by global management consultants
McKinsey & Company. The number of wealthy households—defined as urban
households with annual income in excess of 250,000 renminbi—reached
1.6 million in 2008.

The research, which included face-to-face interviews with 1,750
wealthy households from 16 cities in China, highlights the rapidly
growing and fast-changing nature of China's wealthy consumers. While
the wealthy currently account for less than 1 percent of urban Chinese
households, their numbers are growing at around 16 percent per annum.
About one-half of today's wealthy consumers were not wealthy four
years ago, and more than half of those who will be classified as
wealthy in five to six years are not wealthy today.

Spending habits can change quickly when market growth is so explosive.
For example, only a few years ago, Chinese consmers made most of their
luxury goods purchases abroad. Today, 60 percent are made in mainland
China, says McKinsey.

At present, the wealthy are concentrated in the east and central south
regions of the country, and around 30 percent live in China's four
largest cities. The top ten cities are home to 50 percent of China's
wealthy consumers, compared with around 25 percent in the top ten U.S.
cities. McKinsey estimates that three-quarters of the growth in the
wealthy consumer segment will come from consumers who do not currently
live in the four biggest cities.

According to McKinsey, the most striking difference is how much
younger wealthy Chinese consumers are than their global peers. On
average, wealthy consumers in China are 20 years younger than those in
the United States and Japan. Some 80 percent are under 45, compared
with 30 percent in the United States and 19 percent in Japan. They are
also much better educated than other Chinese consumers and are more
often self-employed.

There are also marked differences between the wealthiest consumers and
most other consumers in China. For example, wealthy consumers trust
foreign brands more, are typically among the first to buy new
technology, and are far more willing to pay a premium for high-quality
products than their mainstream counterparts. Wealthy consumers also
differ in another, more suprising way: 53 percent of wealthy
respondents in McKinsey's survey confessed that they have a difficult
time striking the right balance between their work and personal lives,
compared with just 17 percent for mainstream consumers.

According to McKinsey, China's wealthy consumers are not only
different from their foreign peers and less-wealthy Chinese consumers,
they are also different from each other in terms of their attitudes
and behavior. The research identified seven distinct segments of
wealthy consumers, defined according to their different needs and
attitudes. For example, consumers in what McKinsey calls the
"demanding segment" do not a have a taste for luxury goods, rarely buy
the very best, and are content with look-alikes. They also make an
effort to compare prices before buying, even for products they can
easily afford.

By contrast, consumers in the "luxuriant segment" are most familiar
with, and concerned about, luxury. They never settle for less than the
best and are attracted by high-end brands such as Hermès and Chanel.
They also avoid the brash, opting instead for understated,
sophisticated chic. In addition, they are health conscious.

"Current global economic conditions will slow the spending of even the
wealthy. But that does not detract from the importance of China's
wealthy consumers to manufacturers, retailers, and service companies
across many sectors. Better understanding these consumers will help
them in their task, enabling them to better meet the needs of
different types of wealthy consumers in China, and to market to them
in more compelling and cost-effective ways," said Vinay Dixit,
director of McKinsey's Asia Consumer Centers and coauthor of the
report.

"As the pool of wealthy consumers in China reaches scale, global
luxury players will need to invest in adapting their marketing
approaches to the unique characteristics and needs of these consumers.
At the same time, brands that currently target mainstream consumers
could tap into enormous growth opportunities if they can tailor their
brand's value proposition to reach China's wealthy consumers," said
Yuval Atsmon, an associate principal in McKinsey's Shanghai office and
coauthor of the report.

中国富人“哪来的钱”？ Chinese Wealthy Consumers-Where does their money come from?

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 11:47:00 +0000

中国富人"哪来的钱"？ Chinese Wealthy Consumers-Where does their money come from?

《英国时报》专栏作家魏城 2009-12-11

两周前，我在自己的专栏文章《中国一直在"补贴"西方？》中谈到了中国大城市某些物价比西方还贵这一现象，并试图探讨其中的原因，引来了很多读者评论。

其中一位读者发贴，这样问道："作者写的东西我也不否认，但是我一直不明白，为什么中国人还那么有钱，国内好一些的饭馆爆满，出一次国，回来就是大包小包。什么文艺演出，都是几百元的票价，还坐得满满的。都是哪里来的钱？"

其实，这也是我内心的疑惑。常理告诉我：如果中国大城市存在着比西方还贵的物价，那就一定有比西方还富的人群在支撑着这种物价。我今年在北京生活了半年多，所见所闻，确实验证了这一常理。

当然，这类富人在整个中国所占比例极小，但由于中国人口基数特别大，即使极小的比例，绝对人数也不少。波士顿咨询公司（BCG）最近公布了一份关于中国富人的研究报告，报告称，2008年中国拥有百万美元资产的家庭不到中国家庭总数的0.1%，但拥有45%的总财富，半数以上的百万美元资产家庭集中在广东、上海、浙江、北京、江苏和山东六个省市。

别的地方我不清楚，我只谈谈我生活过的北京。我的感觉是：即使是在北京，富人也是少数，但由于灰色收入的存在，北京能够支撑比西方还贵的物价的消费者比例应该大于0.1%。半年多的北京生活，我算是亲身见识了这些北京人的"不差钱"：他们开着好车，戴着名表，经常去高档餐馆吃饭，豪华洗浴中心泡澡，卡拉OK歌厅飙歌，灯红酒绿之处按摩、洗脚……他们花钱时出手之大方、之豪爽，应该不比西方同类逊色，有时甚至更胜一筹。

随之而来的是两个问题。第一个问题是：他们都是些什么人呢？

这些人大致可以分为三类：第一类人是中国市场化改革的产物，包括私企老板、外企的高薪雇员、律师、咨询师、会计师等高级专业人员、歌星、演员等娱乐圈名人；第二类人是中国房市和股市两大市场的受益者，包括房地产开发商、股市庄家、资本玩家和一些成功的炒房者和股民；第三类人则是吃"官粮"者，包括党政机关的中高层官员、国有企业的中高层管理人员等。切记：不要小瞧第三类人的资产和消费能力，虽然他们工资单上的收入看上去远远低于前两类人的资产，但正如一首民谣所说，他们"工资基本不动"，吃饭"有地儿报销"，购物"有人买单"，而且还有很多的"外快"，也就是所谓的"灰色收入"。

接下来的第二个问题，就是本文开头提到的那位读者的疑问：这些人"都是哪里来的钱？"

第一类人和第三类人获取财富的方式，不用我多说，或白、或黑、或灰，中国老百姓有很多议论，中国媒体有很多讨论，经济学家也有很多研究，例如，中国改革基金会国民经济研究所副所长王小鲁曾经带领课题组进行过有关灰色收入的调查，得出结论称，2005年中国全国城镇居民收入中没有被统计到的灰色收入总计4.4万亿元，相当于当年GDP的24%，而有机会获得这些灰色收入的人，原来就是高收入阶层或权力阶层。但第二类人的财富究竟"都是哪里来的？"我则一直似懂非懂，稀里糊涂。

从北京回到伦敦后，有一天我去一位在上海做生意的英国华裔朋友家玩，聊起了这个话题，他的一番话，至少让我对中国房地产市场上的富人究竟是如何产生的这个问题，有了一些新的理解。

这位朋友说，在北京、上海等中国大城市中，历时10多年、至今尚未完成的房地产商品化运动、旧城改造运动和城市扩张运动，加在一起，等于是一场具有中国特色的"造富运动"。首先是掌握土地拍卖权的官员们：地方政府高价卖地，使地方政府的财库鼓了起来，官员们也因此富了起来；其次是房地产商们：他们在拍来的土地上盖房子，然而再高价卖给消费者，紧跟着也富了起来；接下来是各类投机性炒房者们：他们搭乘北京、上海等大城市房价飙升的快车，买进卖出，也迅速地富了起来；最后是旧城改造运动和城市扩张运动的受益者们：在北京、上海等大城市中，一部分老市区居民和"被城市化"的原郊区农民成为一波一波的拆迁活动的受害者，他们被地方政府和开发商剥夺和侵害，沦落为城市贫民，但其中另外一部分人，则通过讨价还价、甚至做"钉子户"等方式，为自己维权争利，成功地在这场"造富运动"中分得了一杯羹
……总之，这场通过卖地和盖房子而起的"造富运动"，就像一道点石成金的魔杖，点到之处，一批又一批大大小小的富翁们因此"被"制造了出来。

"听上去，好像仅仅是拆老房子、盖新房子这样一种城市翻新过程，就'翻'出了一个新富阶层，"他接着说，"但实际情况是，仅仅造房子是造不出一个新富阶层的，房子需要有人买，而北京、上海等中国大城市的房子，其买主是全中国的有钱人，甚至包括某些外国的有钱人。从这个意义上讲，是来自全中国和全世界的部分金钱，共同滋养、培育了北京、上海等地的新富阶层。"

听了他这一席话，我仿佛茅塞顿开：我甚至连想起了今年上半年我在北京的某些生活片断。那些不连贯的生活片断，经这位朋友如此点拨，也都纷纷自动互相连接起来，并具有了意义。

我在北京生活期间，曾经住过两个小区。从小区内有游泳池、健身房、足浴中心、宠物医院等设施来看，这两个小区均可算做中产阶级小区。我喜欢游泳，泳后顺便泡泡桑拿。在我最初住过的那个小区，我泡桑拿时常常遇到本小区的三个业主：两个老板，一个官员。其中一个老板是广东人，在北京做化妆品生意，故在北京置业；另一个老板原来是所谓的"山西煤老板"，后来通过买房、炒房，"洗尽"了手指缝中的煤黑，摇身一变，成为京城房老板，现在的主要收入来源是房租；至于那位官员，则单位不明，官职不祥，因为他常常对此含糊其辞，我也不好细问，但听话听音，我大概可以猜出他在涉外经贸部门工作，他常常对那两位老板抱怨自己没钱，但他开的汽车，却与那两位老板不相上下：他的车是宝马。

这个生活片段，似乎验证了北京业主来自全国的说法，也验证了政府官员"工资基本不动"的那首民谣。

我最后住过的那个小区，业主的收入略低一些，主要是政府官员、国企员工、外企或私企的"小白领"。例如，我最要好的"泳友"之一，是北京一家旅行社的普通导游。时值盛夏，我们游完泳后常到泳池外的树荫下乘凉聊天。他是地地道道的"老北京"，特别健谈。他的工作似乎不忙，他的说法是：他就职的那家旅行社是国企，游客不多，效益不好，因此他的收入也不高，每月只有两千多元人民币的工资，但这份工作的好处是，他平时不用去上班，只有等到游客人数足够时，他才会组团带游客去外地游玩，因此即使是平时上班时间，他也有很多时间去健身房和游泳池锻炼。但一直令我感到迷惑不解的是，他也似乎"不差钱"：他在本小区拥有一套三室一厅的公寓房，开着一辆奥迪牌汽车，每天游泳后，也经常与一帮小区里的"酒友"去附近的餐馆去吃饭喝酒……直到有一天我们闲聊时，我才明白：他在旅行社每月领取的两千多元人民币的工资并非他的主要收入，他在市中心还有两处房产，一套租给一家住户，租金三千多元，另外一套租给一个餐馆，月租一万五千元。当然了，后来我又听其他人说，导游的灰色收入也不低……

这个生活片段，似乎验证了北京市区的老居民只要有几处房产至少都不属于"弱势群体"的说法，更验证了国企员工工资不代表其全部收入的说法。

中国经济高速发展30多年，其间没有经历过大的衰退，这本身就是一个奇迹，也是一个谜，有人说，谁能给出谜底，谁就应该获得诺贝尔经济学奖。但在我看来，更大的一个谜是：那些"先富起来的"中国人，究竟是怎么富起来的？其真相、其谜底更是被层层迷雾所缠绕，被种种神话所包裹，站在中国之外的人，如同隔雾看花，越看越迷糊，站在中国之内的人，也"不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中"，即使是官方的统计数字，也被五花八门的地下经济、灰色收入所扭曲，无法成为判断真伪虚实的依据，甚至就连王小鲁的4.4万亿元灰色收入之说，也有很多推测的成分，因为你无法精确地界定和计算"灰色"的东西。

我索性放弃为每一个疑惑提供既明确、又全面的答案的徒劳努力，不妨提一些问题，以激读者讨论；抛几块砖头，以引专家之玉。即使引来的不是玉石，而是同样的砖头，在砖砖互撞的过程中，也许就能撞出真理的火花。

长城北京段将开放两至三处新景点 New Sections of the Great Wall are about to Open Soon

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 09:43:00 +0000

长城北京段将开放两至三处新景点

2009年11月17日 14:07:20 　来源：新华网

新华网北京１１月１７日电
根据文物部门规划，未来五年万里长城北京段将新开辟两至三处参观游览景区。这将有效缓解黄金周等旅游旺季时期，长城旅游景点接待游客超负荷问题。

据《北京日报》报道，北京市第七次文物工作会议１６日首次公布的《２０１０至２０１４年"人文北京"之文博行动计划（征求意见稿）》透露，未来五年时间，黄花城、水关、古北口等拟将纳入长城开放之列。

北京市文物局发布明长城北京段确切长度为５２６．６５４６７公里，景点主要包括八达岭、慕田峪、司马台、居庸关等４处。目前开放段长度不足总长６％，但近年来，长城开放段接待量却与日俱增，遇到了节假日甚至出现超负荷状态。

此外，根据５年规划，北京市将新添不少新景点，先农坛庆成宫、吕祖阁、景山寿皇殿等一批有影响的文物建筑将在修缮基础上，对社会开放。另外，还有２５处文物将实现腾退、１２处文物环境得到整治。

据悉，未来５年，国家和社会将投入３０亿元用于北京地区不可移动文物的保护。

（责任编辑: 杨眉）

Twitter被评为2009年人气最高英语单词 Twitter - The Most Popular Word in 2009

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 09:36:00 +0000

Twitter被评为2009年人气最高英语单词

北京时间12月1日消息，据国外媒体报道，2009年对于Twitter而言是不平凡的一年，不仅在全球范围内广受关注，吸引了数以百万计的新用户，而且它本身也被评为人气最高的英语单词。
　北京时间12月1日消息，据国外媒体报道，2009年对于Twitter而言是不平凡的一年，不仅在全球范围内广受关注，吸引了数以百万计的新用户，而且它本身也被评为人气最高的英语单词。

　　据非盈利机构"全球语言监测机构"(Global Language
Monitor)称，"Twitter"战胜"Obama"(奥巴马)、"H1N1"(H1N1甲流)、"stimulus"(刺激)和"vampire"(吸血鬼)成为全球人气最高的英语单词。

　　全球语言监测机构总裁保罗·佩雅克(Paul JJ
Payack)昨天在一份声明中说，2009年"Twitter"力压群雄，成为人气最高的英语单词，"Twitter代表着一种新的社交方式，通信内容被压缩在140个字符内"。

　　全球语言监测机构的数据来自其名为"数量预测指示器"(Predictive-quantities
Indicator)的专用算法。数量预测指示器不但跟踪媒体和互联网上出现的单词和短语，还监测博客和社交媒体。

　　15个人气最高的英语单词：

　　1、Twitter

　　2、Obama

　　3、H1N1

　　4、Stimulus

　　5、Vampire

　　6、2.0

　　7、Deficit

　　8、Hadron

　　9、Healthcare

　　10、Transparency

　　11、Outrage

　　12、Bonus

　　13、Unemployed

　　14、Foreclosure

　　15、Cartel

导游预订 Guide Booking

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Thu, 03 Sep 2009 16:03:00 +0000

英语导游预订说明

预订订单填写

1）填写客人姓名（必填）

2）填写游览日期（必填）

3）填写游览人数（必填）

4）填写客人入住酒店名称

5）填写其它要求

6）酒店地址

7）填写完毕后，按"提交(submit)"按钮

带*号的选项为必须填写项，虚假信息被视为无效订单，不予处理。

填写导游在线订单

Shanghai Leads Market Sell-Off 上海股市下跌

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 13:56:00 +0000

September 1, 2009

Shanghai Leads Market Sell-Off

By MARK McDONALD

HONG KONG - A sell-off in the Shanghai markets rippled through other markets on Monday with exchanges around the globe trading lower.

The Shanghai composite index plunged 6.75 percent to close out August with a drop of 21.8 percent, the worst performance for the month among the world's major exchanges.

Monday's fall, coupled with a drop of nearly 3 percent on Friday, has made for "a huge, huge decline," said Dariusz Kowalczyk, chief investment strategist at SJS Markets in Hong Kong.

The overall index was down 192.94 points on Monday to finish at 2,667.75, the lowest closing figure in more than three months. Shares on the Shanghai exchange had rocketed more than 90 percent this year until they began to fall back about three weeks ago.

"It has brought the index into bear market territory," Mr. Kowalczyk said. "There's mounting concern over liquidity in the market. This is a big development."

Although China's markets are largely closed to foreign investors, movements in Chinese shares have increasingly been rippling into other markets. Shares fell elsewhere in Asia and Europe, and futures indexes in the United States were pointed lower.

In Hong Kong, the Hang Seng Index fell 1.9 percent and closed below the 20,000-point plateau. The Hang Seng's loss of 4.1 percent in August marked its first monthly loss since March.

In Tokyo, one day after Japanese voters gave a landslide victory to the opposition Democratic Party, the Nikkei 225 index jumped 200 points in early trading but down 42 points, or 0.4 percent.

The Kospi index in Seoul was down 1.1 percent.

In Europe, the DAX in Frankfurt fell 0.7 percent, while the CAC-40 in Paris was down 0.7 percent. The Euro Stoxx 50, a benchmark for the euro region, fell 0.3 percent to 2,403.99. The London Stock Exchange was closed for a public holiday.

Over all, European stock markets appear to be entering a phase of consolidation, a Commerzbank analyst, Andreas Hürkamp, said in a research note.

The recent gain in prices and the fact that equity markets are entering the seasonally weak period in September and October is being offset by factors like an improvement in monetary indicators and expectations of better earnings, the report said.

"All in all, we expect only a consolidation and not a correction in the coming weeks," Mr. Hürkamp said. "We remain buyers on weaker trading days which should give investors another chance to jump on the stock market bandwagon before equity markets finally move towards our year-end targets."

The volatile market swings in China have given some global analysts pause, and some see indications of trouble due to the vulnerable American commercial real estate sector or simply the length of time the rally in stocks has lasted.

Art Cashin, the director of floor operations in New York for UBS, said his "gut feeling" about the markets prompted him to sell some stocks last week.

"This rally's a little long in the tooth," he said.

Chinese banks, acting at the government's behest, unleashed a flood of lending this spring and early summer as part of its efforts to stimulate the economy. Some of the funds were channeled into equity markets, at least temporarily, leading some analysts to warn of an asset bubble.

August saw a sharp drop in lending, to about 200 billion renminbi , or $29.3 billion, about half the total for July, Mr. Kowalczyk said, citing a news report in Caijing, the authoritative financial magazine.

"The Chinese government cannot be happy with such a drop," he said, referring to the steep and rapid decline of the Shanghai index. "I expect them to soothe the market's nerves about the availability of funds - some guidance, some moderation. The market is quite panicky."

The smaller Chinese exchange index in Shenzhen also fared poorly Monday, dropping 7.2 percent.

"I think everyone's pretty bearish," said Thomas J. Lee, the chief United States equity strategist at JPMorgan Chase. "People I talk to think there's a 10 percent correction coming."

Just before stocks in the United States began their rebound in early March, only 2 percent of investors were optimistic, according to the Daily Sentiment Index, which measures the mood of small traders. The index now shows that about 89 percent are feeling bullish.

Robert Prechter, president of Elliott Wave International, a technical analysis firm in Gainesville, Georgia, cut his negative outlook on stocks in late February. "Now," he wrote in an e-mail message, "we are firmly back on the bear side."

And, lest we forget, September is traditionally the worst month of the year for American stocks.

Jack Healy contributed reporting from New York and Matt Saltmarsh contributed from Paris.

CAC

cac-40 index （法国）股市指数

bearish

D.J.['beərɪʃ]

K.K.['bɛrɪʃ]

adj.

1 (尤指脾气)像熊一样的,粗暴的

2 <股>行情下跌的,引起跌风的

Calendar of Major Chinese Festivals 中国文化概况

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 13:45:00 +0000

Calendar of Major Chinese Festivals

Scroll down for an index of the most interesting Chinese Culture articles.

In the eyes of most Westerners, China is fascinating and strange, as foreign and as far away from home as one can possibly get. Some aspects of Chinese culture have spread to every corner of the world - Chinese food and martial arts, whilst others remain relatively mysterious - Confucianism and calligraphy.

Chinese Culture - Developing in isolation

Chinese culture developed in isolation from the rest of the world, protected by the Himalayas, the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts, rainforests to the South and Siberian winters to the North. Therefore it grew up distinctly different from the rest of the world - that's what makes China such an interesting place.

Chinese Culture: Regional Variations

In many aspects of Chinese culture, there are distinct regional variations - the most obvious example is food, but there are others too. Everybody knows about Beijing Opera, but there are hundreds of different kinds of Chinese Opera - Beijing Opera is just one.

Chinese Culture - Chinese Religion

Chinese religion, philosophy and culture are tightly intertwined. Chinese beliefs have always been a part of Chinese culture more than they have been part of any one religion or philosophy. Traditional Chinese religion blended the 'three great teachings' of Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism with even older local religious beliefs.

Chinese Culture - Chinese History

Chinese people like to boast that they have the longest history of any civilisation on earth. Many elements of Chinese culture (characters, dragons, jade) can be traced back over 5,000 years.

Chinese history has been the story of the rise and fall of dynasties - periods of relative stability when the dynasty was strong intersperesed with years or even decades of war as the dynasty crumbled and fell.

Chinese Culture - Society

Chinese society has been through immense changes in recent years. Within living memory Beijing has seen civil war, virtual famine during the Great Leap Forward, the madness of the Cultural Revolution, the imposition of the one child policy, and the transition from centralised economy to rampant capitalism.

A little knowledge of Chinese culture will make your trip to Beijing a lot more worthwhile.

英语导游词汇

Himalayas

[,himə'leiəz]

n.

喜马拉雅山脉

英语导游词汇

Gobi

['ɡəubi]

n.

戈壁

英语导游词汇

rainforest

['reinfɔrist]

n.

(热带)雨林

英语导游词汇

Siberian

[sai'biəriən]

adj.

西伯利亚的,来自西伯利亚的

英语导游词汇

variation

D.J.[,vɛəri'eiʃən]

K.K.[,vɛri'eʃən, 'vær-]

n.

1 变化, 变动(的程度)

2 变奏(曲)

3 变异, 变种

英语导游词汇

famine

D.J.['fæmin]

K.K.['fæmɪn]

n.

饥荒

英语导游词汇

rampant

D.J.['ræmpənt]

K.K.['ræmpənt]

adj.

1 (尤指疾病, 社会弊端)猖獗的; 无法控制的

2 (指动物)只用后腿站起来的

北京23888名导游通过08年审 Beijing 23888 tour guides pass the 08 annual checking

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 06:12:00 +0000

中文原文	Machine Translation Page
北京23888名导游通过08年审中国网8月31日讯，北京市旅游局日前正式通报2008年度北京地区导游人员年审情况，2008年度年审合格的导游人员23888人，年审合格率为82.7%。 2008年北京京旅游导游服务中心年审合格的导游人员6227人(现有导游人员7547人)，年审合格率为82.5%；北京市旅游人才服务中心年审合格的导游人员11035人(现有导游人员13723人)，年审合格率为80.4%；各旅行社年审合格的导游人员6626人（现有导游人员7599人），年审合格率为87.2%。这其中，普通话导游人员18451人，英语导游人员6846人，日语导游人员1140人，朝鲜语导游人员609人，法语导游人员363人，德语导游人员344人，俄语导游人员241人，西班牙语导游人员224人，泰语导游人员98人，意大利语导游人员96人，粤语导游人员171人，其他语种导游人员286人。北京市旅游局加强了导游人员检查工作。全年共检查导游人员1783人次，合格1695人次，合格率93.06%；纠正违规导游88人次，违规率4.94%。旅游局重申导游证IC卡年审有关规定近期，为贯彻落实《旅行社条例》，市旅游进一步重申导游证IC卡年审工作有关规定，即：（一）导游证IC卡年审时间为每年12月1日至第二年1月31日，年审期间停止办理其它导游证事项。年审需提供的材料：导游证IC卡、《北京地区导游人员年审申报表》、"年审培训合格证明"、《劳动合同》。所有表格均可从"北京旅游信息网"上下载。（二）依据北京市旅游局《导游证办理程序》的规定，导游证年审及日常办证工作应由专人负责，并向北京市旅游局办理备案登记手续。各旅行社导游管理工作备案人员要熟悉导游管理工作规定，掌握办事程序，认真负责，及时督促本单位的导游员在规定的时间内参加年审培训和年审工作。	Beijing 23888 tour guides through the 08 annual review China News Network August 31, the Beijing Municipal Tourism Bureau has formally notified the 2008 annual review of tour guides in Beijing, the 2008 annual review of qualified tour guides 23888 people, annual examination pass rate of 82.7%. Beijing 2008 Beijing Tourist Guide Service Center 6227 annual review of qualified tour guides people (the current tour guides 7547), the annual examination pass rate was 82.5%; Beijing Talent Service Center, travel guides examined and qualified personnel 11035 people (the current Tour Guide 13723), the annual examination pass rate was 80.4%; travel agencies tourist guides 6626 annual review qualified person (the current tour guides 7599), the annual examination pass rate of 87.2%. Among these, the English tour guides 18451 people, English-speaking guide staff 6846 people, 1,140 Japanese tour guides, Korean tour guides 609 people, 363 tour guides in French, German tour operators 344, 241 Russian tour operators, tour guides in Spanish 224, Thai tour guides 98, 96 Italian tour operators, tour guides Cantonese, 171, 286 tour guides in other languages. Tourism Bureau Tourist Guide Pass reiterated the relevant provisions of IC card annual review Recently, in order to implement the "Travel Regulations", the Urban Travel Guide Certificate IC card and further reiterated the relevant provisions of annual evaluation of the work, namely: (A) guide card IC card annual review time for each December 1 to January 31 next year, during the annual review guide card to stop processing other matters. Annual examination materials to be provided: Tourist Guide Pass IC card, "tour guides in Beijing examined and declared," and "training of qualified annual examination to prove," "labor contract." All forms are available from the "Beijing Travel Information Network" to download. (B) based on the Beijing Municipal Tourism Bureau, "Tourist Guide Pass the handling procedures" requirement, tour guides and daily Accreditation Certificate annual examination should be done by individual responsibility and to the Beijing Municipal Tourism Bureau handle registration formalities. Travel agencies guide the management of records management staff to be familiar with the provisions of tour guides, master procedures, serious and responsible, and promptly guides the unit within the specified time to participate in the training and annual evaluation of the work of annual examination.

中文原文

Machine Translation Page

北京23888名导游通过08年审

中国网8月31日讯，北京市旅游局日前正式通报2008年度北京地区导游人员年审情况，2008年度年审合格的导游人员23888人，年审合格率为82.7%。

2008年北京京旅游导游服务中心年审合格的导游人员6227人(现有导游人员7547人)，年审合格率为82.5%；北京市旅游人才服务中心年审合格的导游人员11035人(现有导游人员13723人)，年审合格率为80.4%；各旅行社年审合格的导游人员6626人（现有导游人员7599人），年审合格率为87.2%。这其中，普通话导游人员18451人，英语导游人员6846人，日语导游人员1140人，朝鲜语导游人员609人，法语导游人员363人，德语导游人员344人，俄语导游人员241人，西班牙语导游人员224人，泰语导游人员98人，意大利语导游人员96人，粤语导游人员171人，其他语种导游人员286人。

北京市旅游局加强了导游人员检查工作。全年共检查导游人员1783人次，合格1695人次，合格率93.06%；纠正违规导游88人次，违规率4.94%。

旅游局重申导游证IC卡年审有关规定

近期，为贯彻落实《旅行社条例》，市旅游进一步重申导游证IC卡年审工作有关规定，即：

（一）导游证IC卡年审时间为每年12月1日至第二年1月31日，年审期间停止办理其它导游证事项。年审需提供的材料：导游证IC卡、《北京地区导游人员年审申报表》、"年审培训合格证明"、《劳动合同》。所有表格均可从"北京旅游信息网"上下载。

（二）依据北京市旅游局《导游证办理程序》的规定，导游证年审及日常办证工作应由专人负责，并向北京市旅游局办理备案登记手续。各旅行社导游管理工作备案人员要熟悉导游管理工作规定，掌握办事程序，认真负责，及时督促本单位的导游员在规定的时间内参加年审培训和年审工作。

Beijing 23888 tour guides through the 08 annual review

China News Network August 31, the Beijing Municipal Tourism Bureau has formally notified the 2008 annual review of tour guides in Beijing, the 2008 annual review of qualified tour guides 23888 people, annual examination pass rate of 82.7%.

Beijing 2008 Beijing Tourist Guide Service Center 6227 annual review of qualified tour guides people (the current tour guides 7547), the annual examination pass rate was 82.5%; Beijing Talent Service Center, travel guides examined and qualified personnel 11035 people (the current Tour Guide 13723), the annual examination pass rate was 80.4%; travel agencies tourist guides 6626 annual review qualified person (the current tour guides 7599), the annual examination pass rate of 87.2%. Among these, the English tour guides 18451 people, English-speaking guide staff 6846 people, 1,140 Japanese tour guides, Korean tour guides 609 people, 363 tour guides in French, German tour operators 344, 241 Russian tour operators, tour guides in Spanish 224, Thai tour guides 98, 96 Italian tour operators, tour guides Cantonese, 171, 286 tour guides in other languages.

Tourism Bureau Tourist Guide Pass reiterated the relevant provisions of IC card annual review

Recently, in order to implement the "Travel Regulations", the Urban Travel Guide Certificate IC card and further reiterated the relevant provisions of annual evaluation of the work, namely:

(A) guide card IC card annual review time for each December 1 to January 31 next year, during the annual review guide card to stop processing other matters. Annual examination materials to be provided: Tourist Guide Pass IC card, "tour guides in Beijing examined and declared," and "training of qualified annual examination to prove," "labor contract." All forms are available from the "Beijing Travel Information Network" to download.

(B) based on the Beijing Municipal Tourism Bureau, "Tourist Guide Pass the handling procedures" requirement, tour guides and daily Accreditation Certificate annual examination should be done by individual responsibility and to the Beijing Municipal Tourism Bureau handle registration formalities. Travel agencies guide the management of records management staff to be familiar with the provisions of tour guides, master procedures, serious and responsible, and promptly guides the unit within the specified time to participate in the training and annual evaluation of the work of annual examination.

多家旅行社未推"国庆阅兵游"Travel agencies are not pushing "National Day military parade Tour"

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 05:58:00 +0000

中文原文	Machine Translation Page
多家旅行社未推"国庆阅兵游" 晚报讯今年的"十一"长假由于恰逢60周年阅兵典礼举行，北京游因此成为不少上海市民想要选择的国庆游大热门。不过记者昨天从沪上多家旅行社了解到，由于不确定因素太多，目前旅行社并没有推出"国庆阅兵游"的打算，但也有旅行社考虑将国庆当天安排为游客的自由活动日，让游客自行前往天安门广场，争取在外围观看到阅兵仪式。　　距离"十一"还有一个月，不少旅行社已经推出了国庆期间的国内游线路。记者了解到，连日来已有不少市民开始向旅行社咨询，希望能参加"国庆北京阅兵游"。不过，多家旅行社表示，"国庆阅兵游"的操作性并不强，因为其最大的卖点--现场观看阅兵式很可能是个无法兑现的空心汤圆，随意打出这个概念容易与游客产生纠纷。因此，目前这些旅行社都不打算推出"国庆阅兵游"产品，而且大多数国庆期间的北京游产品都是在10月2日及以后才出发，为的就是避开10月1日北京可能出现的游客爆满的情况。　　事实上，外地一些旅行社已经推出的"国庆阅兵游"也只是"曲线"看阅兵而已，旅行社在正常的北京线路外，特意安排了国庆节当天为自由活动日，以便让游客自己去天安门广场观看阅兵式。沪上也有旅行社表示，如果要求参加"阅兵游"的游客继续增加，也会考虑推出类似的产品。　　从9月初开始，上海出游北京的旅游线路已开始受到国庆阅兵仪式的影响，根据北京当地地接社反馈的信息，目前北京当地的旅游大巴十分紧张。旅游业内人士分析，今年"十一"期间，靠近天安门的酒店将会被有关部门征用，其他的酒店价格必然水涨船高。沪上游客想在国庆当天到北京观看阅兵式，不仅有可能扑空，而且成本也会比平时高出许多。	A number of travel agencies are not pushing "National Day military parade on Tour" Evening News this year's "11" long vacation due to coincide with the 60th anniversary military parade held in Beijing, Shanghai tour has therefore become a lot of people want to choose the National Day tour favorite. However, a number of travel agencies in Shanghai yesterday from reporters learned that, due to many uncertain factors, the current tour has not been introduced, "the National Day parade Tour" plan, but there are travel agencies to consider arrangements for the national day of free activities for visitors day, so that visitors on their own go to Tiananmen Square, the fight outside the parade spectators to see. Distance "11" There are a month, many travel agencies have launched during the National Day of domestic travel routes. This reporter learned that the past few days many people have already begun to travel advice, hoping to participate in "National Day military parade in Beijing Tour." However, many travel agencies, "said the National Day parade Tour" is not strong operational, as its biggest selling point - the site to watch the parade is likely to be unable to fulfill a hollow sweet rice balls, free to play this concept easily result of a dispute with tourists. Therefore, it is not going to travel agencies launched the "National Day military parade Tour" products, but most of the travel products of Beijing during the National Day are October 2 and later set off from, all in Beijing October 1 to avoid possible Tourists packed situation. In fact, some overseas travel agencies have launched a "National Day parade tour" is only a "curve" to see parade just, travel agencies in Beijing in the normal line, the specially arranged a national day for freedom of movement on the same day, so that visitors themselves to Tiananmen Square to watch parade. Travel agencies in Shanghai have also said that if asked to participate in "parade Tour" of tourists continues to increase, we will consider launching similar products. From the early September start traveling to Beijing tour Shanghai has begun to feel the impact of the National Day military parade, according to Beijing to take community feedback from the local information, the local tourist bus Beijing is very nervous. The local tourist industry analysis, this year's "11" period, close to Tiananmen Square, the relevant departments of the hotel will be requisitioned, the other hotel prices must correspondingly. The day of a tourist in Shanghai to Beijing to watch the National Day parade, not only may be outsmarted, but the cost will be much higher than usual.

中文原文

Machine Translation Page

多家旅行社未推"国庆阅兵游"

晚报讯今年的"十一"长假由于恰逢60周年阅兵典礼举行，北京游因此成为不少上海市民想要选择的国庆游大热门。不过记者昨天从沪上多家旅行社了解到，由于不确定因素太多，目前旅行社并没有推出"国庆阅兵游"的打算，但也有旅行社考虑将国庆当天安排为游客的自由活动日，让游客自行前往天安门广场，争取在外围观看到阅兵仪式。

　　距离"十一"还有一个月，不少旅行社已经推出了国庆期间的国内游线路。记者了解到，连日来已有不少市民开始向旅行社咨询，希望能参加"国庆北京阅兵游"。不过，多家旅行社表示，"国庆阅兵游"的操作性并不强，因为其最大的卖点--现场观看阅兵式很可能是个无法兑现的空心汤圆，随意打出这个概念容易与游客产生纠纷。因此，目前这些旅行社都不打算推出"国庆阅兵游"产品，而且大多数国庆期间的北京游产品都是在10月2日及以后才出发，为的就是避开10月1日北京可能出现的游客爆满的情况。

　　事实上，外地一些旅行社已经推出的"国庆阅兵游"也只是"曲线"看阅兵而已，旅行社在正常的北京线路外，特意安排了国庆节当天为自由活动日，以便让游客自己去天安门广场观看阅兵式。沪上也有旅行社表示，如果要求参加"阅兵游"的游客继续增加，也会考虑推出类似的产品。

　　从9月初开始，上海出游北京的旅游线路已开始受到国庆阅兵仪式的影响，根据北京当地地接社反馈的信息，目前北京当地的旅游大巴十分紧张。旅游业内人士分析，今年"十一"期间，靠近天安门的酒店将会被有关部门征用，其他的酒店价格必然水涨船高。沪上游客想在国庆当天到北京观看阅兵式，不仅有可能扑空，而且成本也会比平时高出许多。

A number of travel agencies are not pushing "National Day military parade on Tour"

Evening News this year's "11" long vacation due to coincide with the 60th anniversary military parade held in Beijing, Shanghai tour has therefore become a lot of people want to choose the National Day tour favorite. However, a number of travel agencies in Shanghai yesterday from reporters learned that, due to many uncertain factors, the current tour has not been introduced, "the National Day parade Tour" plan, but there are travel agencies to consider arrangements for the national day of free activities for visitors day, so that visitors on their own go to Tiananmen Square, the fight outside the parade spectators to see.

Distance "11" There are a month, many travel agencies have launched during the National Day of domestic travel routes. This reporter learned that the past few days many people have already begun to travel advice, hoping to participate in "National Day military parade in Beijing Tour." However, many travel agencies, "said the National Day parade Tour" is not strong operational, as its biggest selling point - the site to watch the parade is likely to be unable to fulfill a hollow sweet rice balls, free to play this concept easily result of a dispute with tourists. Therefore, it is not going to travel agencies launched the "National Day military parade Tour" products, but most of the travel products of Beijing during the National Day are October 2 and later set off from, all in Beijing October 1 to avoid possible Tourists packed situation.

In fact, some overseas travel agencies have launched a "National Day parade tour" is only a "curve" to see parade just, travel agencies in Beijing in the normal line, the specially arranged a national day for freedom of movement on the same day, so that visitors themselves to Tiananmen Square to watch parade. Travel agencies in Shanghai have also said that if asked to participate in "parade Tour" of tourists continues to increase, we will consider launching similar products.

From the early September start traveling to Beijing tour Shanghai has begun to feel the impact of the National Day military parade, according to Beijing to take community feedback from the local information, the local tourist bus Beijing is very nervous. The local tourist industry analysis, this year's "11" period, close to Tiananmen Square, the relevant departments of the hotel will be requisitioned, the other hotel prices must correspondingly. The day of a tourist in Shanghai to Beijing to watch the National Day parade, not only may be outsmarted, but the cost will be much higher than usual.

谁偷走你的维生素？Who stole your vitamins?

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 05:48:00 +0000

中文原文	Machine Translation Pages
谁偷走你的维生素？日常生活中，许多人常有这样的感叹：虽然自己已经增加了锻炼次数、补足了睡眠时间、搭配了丰富的饮食，可是身体还是被疾病威胁着，这时就需要考虑是不是你体内有窃取你健康的窃贼在作怪了。那么，是谁在扮演"窃贼"的角色呢? 电脑"偷"走维生素A 连续对着电脑工作3小时以上，视神经细胞就会缺乏维生素A，因为它与视网膜感光直接相关。所以，电脑一族应多吃富含维生素A的食物如胡萝卜、南瓜及多种奶制品。酒精"吃"掉维生素B 酒精要在体内正常代谢，必须有足量的维生素B参与，因此长期大量饮酒会造成体内维生素B供应不足。每天喝一杯以上的鸡尾酒，享受飘飘欲仙的代价就是加速体内维生素B的消耗。每日应酬太多，饮酒过量的人应该注意补充B族维生素。香烟"吸"走维生素C 烟雾中的焦油等有害成分会大量耗损维生素C。如果是被动吸烟，维生素C的损耗量更大。所以有抽烟习惯或是二手烟被动吸入者平时应多吃西红柿等维生素C含量丰富的食物。大运动量"流"失多种维生素在高强度的运动过程中，身体需要更多的能量，细胞代谢率提高，因而加速了人体维生素的消耗。所以经常进行高强度运动的人如运动员，应多食用富含多种维生素的食品或适当补充复合维生素营养片。高、低温环境中"耗"掉多种维生素维生素参与机体体温调节，因此在高温或低温环境中消耗增加。所以，体温调节机制较弱的人更要注意在气温变化大时适当补充多种维生素。另外，人体在高温环境下会大量出汗，会加速多种维生素随汗液排出。吃法不对浪费了维生素将胡萝卜分别生食、用微量的油脂烹调、用足量的油脂烹调后，胡萝卜素的消化吸收率分别为10%、30%、90%。可见，胡萝卜用食油烹制后食用比生的食用营养价值高。维生素c是水溶性的，洗菜时很容易丢失。另外，烹调时温度过高或加热时间过长，例如炖菜、沙锅等，蔬菜中维生素c会大量破坏; 维生素c还容易被空气中的氧气氧化，蔬菜、水果存放的时间越长，维生素c受到损失就越大。大米用水浸泡或反复搓洗，或大米在水中煮沸后去水涝蒸会损失维生素B;蔬菜切碎后用水浸泡或吃菜不喝汤也会流失大量维生素B。吃药也会干扰维生素的吸收 ●服用避孕药时阻碍了人体对维生素B6、B12、叶酸及维生素C的吸收 ●阿司匹林则会使排出体外的维生素C较正常量增加3倍。 ●大把大把的维生素C补充剂会"赶跑"体内的叶酸。 ●长期服用抗生素者，会流失维生素B群及维生素K，影响肠胃功能。 ●感冒药及止痛剂会降低血液中维生素A含量。 ●磺胺类药及降胆固醇药会影响叶酸吸收。 ●高血压患者、肾炎患者服用的利尿剂等，会导致体内的钙质、钾、维生素大量流失。	Who stole your vitamins? Everyday life, many people tend to think that laments: Although exercise has increased the number of its own to supplement the sleep time, with a rich diet, but the body is still threatened by disease, then need to consider is your body has to steal your health in the mischief of thieves. So, who is playing a "thief" role? Computer "steal" away Vitamin A Continuous front of the computer work 3 hours or more, the optic nerve cells would be deficient in vitamin A, because it is directly related to retinal. Therefore, computer owners should eat foods rich in vitamin A such as carrots, pumpkin and a variety of dairy products. Alcohol "take" vitamin B The normal metabolism of alcohol in the body, there must be sufficient quantities of vitamin B to participate, so the long-term heavy drinking can cause vitamin B supply. Cocktail drink for more than a day to enjoy the price carried away is to accelerate the body of vitamin B consumption. Daily entertainment too much, drinking too much people should pay attention to add B vitamins. Cigarette "smoke" walking Vitamin C Smoke in the tar and other harmful ingredients will be a substantial depletion of vitamin C. If it is passive smoking, a greater amount of vitamin C loss. So there are passive inhalation of second-hand smoke smoking habits, or those who normally should eat plenty of tomatoes and other vitamin C-rich foods. Large amount of exercise, "flow" loss of multi-vitamin In the process of high-intensity exercise, the body needs more energy, cellular metabolic rate, thus accelerating the body of vitamin consumption. So often people high-intensity exercise, such as athletes, should be more consumption of foods rich in vitamins or an appropriate multi-vitamin nutritional supplement tablets. High and low temperature environment, the "consumption" out multi-vitamin Vitamin involved in body temperature regulation, and therefore consumption of hot or cold environments increased. Therefore, the temperature regulation mechanism of the weak people should pay more attention when the temperature variation in the appropriate multi-vitamin supplement. In addition, the human body in high temperature environment, a large quantity of sweat, will accelerate a variety of vitamins with the sweat discharge. Eat not a waste of vitamin The carrots were raw food, with small amount of cooking grease, cooking oils and fats used in sufficient quantity, the rate of digestion and absorption of carotenoids were 10%, 30%, 90%. Can be seen, carrots cooked with the cooking oil than after consumption of raw food of high nutritional value. Vitamin c is a water-soluble, and vegetables is easy when you lose. In addition, the cooking or heating when the temperature is too high for too long, such as stew, casserole, etc., vegetables, vitamin c will be a substantial damage; Vitamin c is also easily oxidized oxygen in the air, vegetables, fruits stored longer, vitamin c loss will be. Water immersion or repeated scrub of rice, or rice boiled in water to steam will be lost to waterlogging of vitamin B; vegetables and chopped water after soaking or Chicai soup will not drain a lot of vitamin B. Medication will interfere with the absorption of vitamin ● When taking birth control pills prevent the body of vitamin B6, B12, folic acid and vitamin C absorption ● Aspirin is excreted cause higher than normal amount of vitamin C increased 3 times. ● a lot a lot of vitamin C supplements will "expel" the body of folic acid. ● long-term use of antibiotics who will be the loss of vitamin B group and vitamin K, affecting gastrointestinal function. ● cold medicine and pain relievers may reduce the blood levels of vitamin A. ● sulfonamide, and cholesterol-lowering drugs will affect folic acid absorption. ● high blood pressure, nephritis patients taking diuretics, etc., will lead to the body's calcium, potassium, vitamin great loss.

中文原文

Machine Translation Pages

谁偷走你的维生素？

日常生活中，许多人常有这样的感叹：虽然自己已经增加了锻炼次数、补足了睡眠时间、搭配了丰富的饮食，可是身体还是被疾病威胁着，这时就需要考虑是不是你体内有窃取你健康的窃贼在作怪了。那么，是谁在扮演"窃贼"的角色呢?

电脑"偷"走维生素A

连续对着电脑工作3小时以上，视神经细胞就会缺乏维生素A，因为它与视网膜感光直接相关。

所以，电脑一族应多吃富含维生素A的食物如胡萝卜、南瓜及多种奶制品。

酒精"吃"掉维生素B

酒精要在体内正常代谢，必须有足量的维生素B参与，因此长期大量饮酒会造成体内维生素B供应不足。

每天喝一杯以上的鸡尾酒，享受飘飘欲仙的代价就是加速体内维生素B的消耗。每日应酬太多，饮酒过量的人应该注意补充B族维生素。

香烟"吸"走维生素C

烟雾中的焦油等有害成分会大量耗损维生素C。如果是被动吸烟，维生素C的损耗量更大。所以有抽烟习惯或是二手烟被动吸入者平时应多吃西红柿等维生素C含量丰富的食物。

大运动量"流"失多种维生素

在高强度的运动过程中，身体需要更多的能量，细胞代谢率提高，因而加速了人体维生素的消耗。

所以经常进行高强度运动的人如运动员，应多食用富含多种维生素的食品或适当补充复合维生素营养片。

高、低温环境中"耗"掉多种维生素

维生素参与机体体温调节，因此在高温或低温环境中消耗增加。所以，体温调节机制较弱的人更要注意在气温变化大时适当补充多种维生素。

另外，人体在高温环境下会大量出汗，会加速多种维生素随汗液排出。

吃法不对浪费了维生素

将胡萝卜分别生食、用微量的油脂烹调、用足量的油脂烹调后，胡萝卜素的消化吸收率分别为10%、30%、90%。可见，胡萝卜用食油烹制后食用比生的食用营养价值高。

维生素c是水溶性的，洗菜时很容易丢失。另外，烹调时温度过高或加热时间过长，例如炖菜、沙锅等，蔬菜中维生素c会大量破坏;

维生素c还容易被空气中的氧气氧化，蔬菜、水果存放的时间越长，维生素c受到损失就越大。

大米用水浸泡或反复搓洗，或大米在水中煮沸后去水涝蒸会损失维生素B;蔬菜切碎后用水浸泡或吃菜不喝汤也会流失大量维生素B。

吃药也会干扰维生素的吸收

●服用避孕药时阻碍了人体对维生素B6、B12、叶酸及维生素C的吸收

●阿司匹林则会使排出体外的维生素C较正常量增加3倍。

●大把大把的维生素C补充剂会"赶跑"体内的叶酸。

●长期服用抗生素者，会流失维生素B群及维生素K，影响肠胃功能。

●感冒药及止痛剂会降低血液中维生素A含量。

●磺胺类药及降胆固醇药会影响叶酸吸收。

●高血压患者、肾炎患者服用的利尿剂等，会导致体内的钙质、钾、维生素大量流失。

Who stole your vitamins?

Everyday life, many people tend to think that laments: Although exercise has increased the number of its own to supplement the sleep time, with a rich diet, but the body is still threatened by disease, then need to consider is your body has to steal your health in the mischief of thieves. So, who is playing a "thief" role?

Computer "steal" away Vitamin A

Continuous front of the computer work 3 hours or more, the optic nerve cells would be deficient in vitamin A, because it is directly related to retinal.

Therefore, computer owners should eat foods rich in vitamin A such as carrots, pumpkin and a variety of dairy products.

Alcohol "take" vitamin B

The normal metabolism of alcohol in the body, there must be sufficient quantities of vitamin B to participate, so the long-term heavy drinking can cause vitamin B supply.

Cocktail drink for more than a day to enjoy the price carried away is to accelerate the body of vitamin B consumption. Daily entertainment too much, drinking too much people should pay attention to add B vitamins.

Cigarette "smoke" walking Vitamin C

Smoke in the tar and other harmful ingredients will be a substantial depletion of vitamin C. If it is passive smoking, a greater amount of vitamin C loss. So there are passive inhalation of second-hand smoke smoking habits, or those who normally should eat plenty of tomatoes and other vitamin C-rich foods.

Large amount of exercise, "flow" loss of multi-vitamin

In the process of high-intensity exercise, the body needs more energy, cellular metabolic rate, thus accelerating the body of vitamin consumption.

So often people high-intensity exercise, such as athletes, should be more consumption of foods rich in vitamins or an appropriate multi-vitamin nutritional supplement tablets.

High and low temperature environment, the "consumption" out multi-vitamin

Vitamin involved in body temperature regulation, and therefore consumption of hot or cold environments increased. Therefore, the temperature regulation mechanism of the weak people should pay more attention when the temperature variation in the appropriate multi-vitamin supplement.

In addition, the human body in high temperature environment, a large quantity of sweat, will accelerate a variety of vitamins with the sweat discharge.

Eat not a waste of vitamin

The carrots were raw food, with small amount of cooking grease, cooking oils and fats used in sufficient quantity, the rate of digestion and absorption of carotenoids were 10%, 30%, 90%. Can be seen, carrots cooked with the cooking oil than after consumption of raw food of high nutritional value.

Vitamin c is a water-soluble, and vegetables is easy when you lose. In addition, the cooking or heating when the temperature is too high for too long, such as stew, casserole, etc., vegetables, vitamin c will be a substantial damage;

Vitamin c is also easily oxidized oxygen in the air, vegetables, fruits stored longer, vitamin c loss will be.

Water immersion or repeated scrub of rice, or rice boiled in water to steam will be lost to waterlogging of vitamin B; vegetables and chopped water after soaking or Chicai soup will not drain a lot of vitamin B.

Medication will interfere with the absorption of vitamin

● When taking birth control pills prevent the body of vitamin B6, B12, folic acid and vitamin C absorption

● Aspirin is excreted cause higher than normal amount of vitamin C increased 3 times.

● a lot a lot of vitamin C supplements will "expel" the body of folic acid.

● long-term use of antibiotics who will be the loss of vitamin B group and vitamin K, affecting gastrointestinal function.

● cold medicine and pain relievers may reduce the blood levels of vitamin A.

● sulfonamide, and cholesterol-lowering drugs will affect folic acid absorption.

● high blood pressure, nephritis patients taking diuretics, etc., will lead to the body's calcium, potassium, vitamin great loss.

"手机引雷"乃伪科学?"Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" is pseudo-science?

noreply@blogger.com (导游网 www.daoyou.org) — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 05:33:00 +0000

中文原文

Machine Translation Pages

"手机引雷"乃伪科学?

防雷专家称手机电磁波不会引来雷击

　　眼下正值雷雨天气频发的高峰期，有些媒体提醒市民"切忌在雷电时使用手机"，因为手机会"引雷"。一些市民于是患上了手机恐慌症，电闪雷鸣时来了电话也不敢接。那"手机引雷"说到底是真还是假呢？多数防雷专家认为，"手机引雷"是无稽之谈、伪科学。

　　新闻缘起

　　"疑似"手机引雷事件频现

　　最近一段时间，申城多次出现雷暴天气。上周四下午5点多，市民沈小姐在下班途中便突遭电闪雷鸣、倾盆大雨，于是赶紧躲进路边店铺的屋檐下。在躲雨过程中，沈小姐的手机铃声响了数次，但她愣是没接，"都说雷雨天打手机会引雷上身，我还是安全第一吧。"那么，到底是什么让沈小姐如此笃信"手机引雷"呢？

　　"手机引雷说"最早出现于2003年。那年7月，张家港市发生雷电击人事件，两人骑着摩托车突遭电闪雷鸣，导致一死一伤。南京某大学余教授接受采访时称，由于雷电干扰，手机的无线频率跳跃性增强，这容易诱发雷击，人们尽量避免在打雷时拨打或接听手机，雷雨中穿行无障碍物地区时，最好关掉手机电源。

　　随后在2004年7月，北京居庸关长城8号烽火台遭雷击，在烽火台内避雨15名游客昏迷送医院救治。之后北京部分媒体公布了对事故原因的调查结果，认定这次雷击是由于游客中一名老者打手机引雷所致。

　　之后，"手机引雷"报道不时见诸于报端广播电视中。今年3月，江苏溧阳一名采石场工人遭雷击死亡，报道称因为这名工人在空旷地带打手机，所以引来雷击。今年6月，湖北随州两名青年在大树下避雨，一声炸雷过后造成一死一重伤，报道称，据气象专家调查，惨祸发生时，其中一青年正在拨打手机。今年7月，四川绵阳一村民在用手机接电话时，被雷击中当场死亡，报道中又认定，手机是引来雷击的罪魁祸首。

　　如此多疑似"手机引雷"事件发生，加之电视广播中不断提醒人们在雷电天气时，不要使用手机，难道手机真的会引雷上身？

　　观点PK

　　支持者说：电磁波为雷电提供通道

　　北京大学物理学院大气科学系刘树华教授是支持"手机引雷"说的专家之一，"手机接收信号的过程是接受电磁波，相当于为雷电搭建了入地的通道，有时候会把雷电引下来，特别是危险地区，比如加油站下雨天不要打手机"，刘树华教授说。　　

　　据介绍，雷电天气发生时，云层中积累了大量的正电荷，而地面则产生大量的负电荷，"手机产生的电磁波相当于提供了一个通道，让正负电荷相接，从而会瞬间把雷给引下来"。刘树华教授还表示，手机即使不处于工作状态，只要和基站之间有电磁波的产生和接收，也可能引发雷击。对于防雷专家提出的电磁波信号相当弱不会引雷的说法，刘树华称："即使能量弱，也会提供雷电通道。"

　　北京理工大学教授朱培也曾表示，电磁波在潮湿大气中会形成一个导电性磁场，极易吸引刚形成的闪电雷击。

　　反对者说：手机引雷是"国际笑话"

　　然而， "手机引雷"说却遭到众多防雷专家的反对，认为这种说法违背了科学规律，忽视了事件的本质。

　　手机电磁波不是导体

　　江明礼空军航空气象研究所防雷中心专家

　　"手机引雷"是国际笑话，我们雷电防护委员会的委员都认为"手机引雷"是无稽之谈。电磁波在我们生活的空间中无处不在，如果手机电磁波能引雷，那么雷雨天广播电视应停播，因为基站功率更大，更会引雷，而事实上不是这样的。假如电磁波是导体，那么电视塔这些发射出去的电磁波高度远高于避雷针，避雷针还能起作用吗？

　　电磁波是电和磁的波动过程，本身并不是导体，与空气电离是完全不同的两个概念。手机的功率极小，属于毫瓦级，频率一般在2400 兆赫以下，打手机产生的电磁波不可能使空气电离形成雷电的等离子体通道，因此也不可能把几百米高空的雷电引下来。

　　手机不能引雷

　　马宏达　中科院电工研究所教授

　　手机不会像避雷针一样能把雷给引下来。空气只有在被电离后，才会由绝缘体成为导体。电磁波的频率和波长决定了能否电离气体分子，频率越高或波长越短，电磁波的能量越高，气体分子就越容易被电离，从而成为导体。

　　比如，可见光也是一种电磁波，但并不会使空气分子游离，从而导电，比如你下雨天拿着手电筒照天空，会引雷上身吗？当然不会。手机电磁波的波长比可见光要长7~8个数量级，频率更低，能量更弱。既然可见光不行，那手机电磁波更不可能使任何气体分子游离的。

　　遭雷击是因地势而非手机

　　刘寿先国内著名防雷厂商四川中光科技集团总工程师

　　手机用户之所以遭雷击，是因为所处位置相对于周围环境处于制高点，并非是因为手机。美国已经做过这方面的试验：雷电天气下把几十公斤的牛肉放在室外，然后把几十只处于工作状态下的手机放在牛肉上，结果一切表现正常，证明手机不会引雷。

　　至于媒体频频报道的手机用户遭雷击丧命事件，原因并非是手机，而是人所处的位置。如果是在空旷地的制高点，或者没有安装避雷器的建筑物里，不管打不打手机都有可能遭雷击。

　记者观察

　　不要盲目恐慌"手机引雷"

　　"'手机引雷'通过报刊杂志、电台广播的宣传，已经为很多人所相信，进而在一定程度上造成人们对雷雨天打手机的恐慌"，江明礼表示。马宏达也认为，这种物理上的概念错误造成了人们认知上的错误，"防雷应该象防地震一样，要积极预防，但也不能盲目恐慌。"

　　几年前某地一所小学遭受雷击，当时有人员受伤，固定电话也遭损害，有人提出要用手机报警求救，却立即有人反对，说手机可能再次招来雷击。江明礼对此很心痛，"如果因此贻误救援时机造成更大伤害，那就得不偿失了。"

　　为了消除"手机引雷"带来的恐慌感，江明礼在2003年就开始写文章进行驳斥，之后在中科院研究员罗福山建议下，江民礼又和著名防雷专家刘继教授、中科院电工研究所马宏达教授、中国气象局高级工程师王雪森等六名专家合写了一篇"手机不会引雷"的文章，刊登在中国气象局的防雷杂志上，"目的是为了以正视听，但效果不佳，希望媒体能够正确报道，广泛宣传手机不会引雷上身。"

　　专家提醒

　　该如何正确避雷？

　　卫星电视接收器：现在一些市民私自安装了卫星电视接收器，如果装在楼顶至高处，可能会引雷，这样的事故每年都会发生。其实解决方法很简单，刘寿先介绍，可以在接收器3米远的地方安装避雷针，同时在接入室内的馈线上安装避雷器。

　　固定电话：江明礼表示，手机不会引雷，固定电话倒是能引雷，"几公里外的雷可能会通过电话线进入室内，特别是在农村地区，电话线相当长而且有的直接裸露在外。"防范方法也很简单，就是安装电话线防雷器。

　　家用电器：宝山区气象局副局长周厚荣则提醒，除了为电器、电话安装避雷器外，没有安装避雷装置的家庭可以拔掉所有的插头"以绝后患"，也不失为一种简便有效的应急避雷措施，记得拔下电视机机顶盒的天线和电视机机顶盒电源线，仅关闭电源是没有用的。

　　人体：上海市气象局防雷中心总工程师黄晓虹表示，雷暴天气户外人员应该尽快进入建筑物内躲避。野外空旷地、市区内的广场、公园、露天泳池等都是雷电天气时的"禁区"。如果周围实在没有建筑物可以躲避的情况下，尽量找一块较低洼又不积水的地方蹲下。此外，烟囱、孤立的大树、电线杆，甚至屋檐下都不宜停留。同时将金属柄的雨伞、高尔夫球棍等都扔掉。

"Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" is pseudo-science?

Lightning Experts say mobile phone electromagnetic waves do not attract lightning strike

Thunderstorm weather, now is the peak frequency of some of the media to remind people to "avoid the use of mobile phones in the thunder and lightning" because the phone will "Triggered Lightning." So some people suffering from panic disorder cell phone, lightning, when the phone did not dare to take. That the "mobile phone Triggered Lightning," the final analysis, it is true or false? Most lightning protection experts believe that "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" is a nonsense, pseudo-science.

Origin News

"Suspected" mobile phone is frequently cited Lei events

Most recently that Shanghai has experienced a number thunderstorms. Last Thursday at 5 pm and more people work on the way Miss Shen then suddenly lightning, heavy rain, so quickly hid under the eaves, a roadside shop. In the sheltering process, Ms. Shen cell phone ring tones to ring several times, but she Leng Shimo then, "said Ray cited the opportunity to thunderstorm days hatchet man upper body, I still safety first it." So in the end is what makes Shen Miss so believe in "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" mean?

"Cell Phone cited Ray said," first appeared in 2003. That year in July, Zhangjiagang City, were struck by lightning events occurred, two riding a motorcycle suddenly lightning, resulting in dead and another injured. Nanjing, a university Professor Yu said in an interview, due to lightning interference, frequency hopping wireless phones has increased, it tends to induce lightning strikes, people try to avoid during a lightning storm or answer phone calls, thunderstorms in the walk through area with no obstacles, it is best cell phone turned off the power.

Subsequently in July 2004, Beijing, Great Wall No. 8 Beacon Juyongguan struck by lightning, in the beacon towers collapsed within the shelter from the rain 15 visitors to the hospital for treatment. Some of the media after Beijing announced the findings on the cause of the accident, found that the lightning strike is due to tourists in an old man due to a mobile phone Citation Lei.

After the "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning," reports appeared in newspapers from time to time broadcast television. In March of this year, Jiangsu Liyang a quarry worker killed by lightning, the report said that because workers in the open area a cell phone, it attracted lightning. This year in June, Hubei Suizhou two young people in the large trees rain, I heard a clap of thunder caused after the death of a seriously injured, the report said, according to meteorological experts, surveys, horrible disaster occurs, in which young people are calling a cell phone. This year in July, Sichuan Mianyang, a villager on a cell phone to answer the phone when he was struck by lightning in the died on the spot, reports also found that cell phones are the culprit attract lightning.

So many suspected "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" incident, coupled with constant reminders that television weather, thunder and lightning, do not use mobile phones, can really be cited Lei phone upper body?

PK point of view

Supporters said: electromagnetic waves provide access for the thunder and lightning

School of Physics, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Peking University Professor Liu Shuhua is to support "mobile phone Triggered Lightning," said one of the experts, "mobile phone is to accept the process of the received signal electromagnetic wave is equivalent to lightning has set up a channel into the earth, and sometimes thunder and lightning will be cited down , especially in dangerous areas, such as gas stations on rainy days do not use cell phones, "said Professor Liu Shuhua.

According to reports, weather, lightning occurs, the clouds have accumulated a great deal of positive charge, while the ground is produce large amounts of negative charge, "mobile phone electromagnetic waves generated by the equivalent of providing a channel, so that positive and negative charge phase, which will instantly bring mine to the quoted down. " Professor Liu Shuhua also said that even if the phone is not in working condition, so long as the generation of electromagnetic waves between the base station and receiver, but also may lead to lightning strikes. For the lightning protection experts of the electromagnetic signal very weak statement is not quoted Ray, Shuhua, said: "Even if the energy is weak, will also provide lightning channel."

Beijing Institute of Technology, Professor ZHU Pei also said that the electromagnetic waves in the moist atmosphere will form a conductive magnetic field, can easily attract newly formed lightning.

Opponents said: phone Triggered Lightning "international joke"

However, the "mobile phone Triggered Lightning," said the mine was hit by many experts objected that this argument runs counter to the laws of science, ignoring the nature of the event.

Phone is not a conductor of electromagnetic waves

JIANG Ming-li Air Force Institute of Aviation Weather Center experts Mine

"Cell Phone Triggered Lightning," is an international joke, our Lightning Protection Committee members agreed that "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning," is nonsense. Electromagnetic waves in space in our lives everywhere in the electromagnetic waves can be cited if the phone is mine, then the thunderstorm days, radio and television should be off the air because the base station more powerful, more would give mine, and in fact not the case. If the electromagnetic waves is a conductor, then they launch out of the electromagnetic tower height is far higher than the lightning rod, lightning rod still work?

Electromagnetic waves are electric and magnetic fluctuations in the process itself is not a conductor, and the air ionization are two totally different concepts. Cell phone power is extremely small, belong to milliwatt level, usually in the 2400 MHz frequencies below the electromagnetic waves generated by a cell phone can not make the air ionized plasma channel formed by lightning and, therefore, impossible to an altitude of several hundred meters down the thunder and lightning cited.

Phone can not be invoked Lei

Ma Hongda Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Electrical Engineering, Professor

Phone will not be able to mine the same as the lightning rod down to the Citation. Only the air is ionized only after a conductor from the insulator. Electromagnetic wave frequency and wavelength determine whether the ionized gas molecules, the higher the frequency, or shorter wavelength, the higher the energy of electromagnetic waves, the more easily ionized gas molecules, thus becoming the conductor.

For example, visible light is also a kind of electromagnetic waves, but does not cause air molecules ionized, and thus electrical conductivity, such as holding a flashlight according to your rainy day the sky will be cited Lei do upper body? Of course not. Mobile wavelength of electromagnetic waves is longer than visible light, 7 ~ 8 orders of magnitude, frequency, lower energy weaker. Since the visible light No, it is more mobile phone electromagnetic waves can not make any stray gas molecules.

Was struck by lightning because of the terrain rather than the mobile phone

LIU Shou-famous lightning first manufacturers of Optical Technology Group chief engineer of Sichuan

The reason why mobile phone users have been struck by lightning because of their location relative to the surrounding environment is high ground, not because of cell phone. The United States has done in this area test: lightning weather to dozens of kilograms of beef on the outside, and then only in the work of dozens of state of the cell phone on the beef, the results of all its manifestations normal phone will not be cited to prove mine.

The media frequently reported that mobile phone users are being killed by lightning event, not only because the phone, but the person's location. If it is high ground in the open ground, or surge arresters are not installed inside the building, regardless of Da Buda phones are likely to have been struck by lightning.

Observer reporter

Do not blind panic "mobile phone Triggered Lightning"

" 'Phone Citation Lei' through the newspapers, magazines, radio propaganda, has a lot of people believe a certain extent, thereby causing people to panic thunderstorm days a cell phone," says Jiang Ming-li. Ma HTC also believes that the concept of such a physically caused by the mistakes people cognitive errors, "the same as mine should be like the anti-earthquake, we should actively prevent, but can not be blind panic."

A few years ago being struck by lightning in a primary school, when officers were injured in fixed-line telephone has also been damaged, it was suggested to use cell phone alarm for help, but immediately there is any objection, saying that mobile phones might again provoke lightning strikes. JIANG Ming-li this is very heartbreaking, "if so adversely affected by the time the rescue cause greater damage, it had more losses than gains."

In order to eliminate "Cell Phone Triggered Lightning" will bring a sense of panic, JIANG Ming-li in 2003, began to write articles to refute, then a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Luo Fushan proposal, Jiangmin He pointed and well-known expert Professor Liu Ji mine, Chinese Academy of Sciences electrician Institute Professor Ma Hongda, CMA senior engineer Wang Xuesen other six experts, co-wrote an article entitled "mobile phone will not be quoted Ray," an article of mine published in the Journal of the China Meteorological Administration, the "purpose is to set the record straight, but results are poor, hope that the media correctly reported that mobile phones will not be widely cited Lei upper body. "

Experts advise

How do I correct lightning?

Satellite TV receivers: Now some people secretly installed a satellite TV receiver, if mounted on the roof of high office may be cited Lei, such an accident every year. In fact, solution is simple, Shou-first introduced in the receiver 3 meters away to install a lightning rod, while access to the indoor surge arresters installed on the feeders.

Fixed Telephone: JIANG Ming-li said the phone will not be cited Lei, fixed-line telephone can be cited Dao Shi Lei, "a few kilometers away, mine may be through the phone line into the interior, especially in rural areas, telephone lines for a long and in some cases directly exposed. "prevention method is very simple to install telephone lines lightning protection devices.

Appliances: Baoshan District, Bureau of Meteorology, deputy director Zhou Hourong are reminded, in addition to electrical, telephone installation arrester, there is no installation of lightning protection devices, families can unplug all the plugs "to never troubles", may well be a simple and effective emergency lightning measures, remember to unplug the TV antenna and TV set-top box set-top box power cord, just turn off the power is of no use.

Human: Shanghai Meteorological Bureau of Mine Center engineer Huang Xiaohong said thunderstorms outdoor staff as soon as possible to enter the building to escape. Open field, the urban areas of the squares, parks, outdoor swimming pools are all weather, thunder and lightning when the "forbidden zone." If there is no surrounding buildings can be to avoid the situation, try to find a relatively low-lying areas without water squat. In addition, the chimney, isolated trees, telephone poles, and even under the eaves are not to stay. At the same time the metal handle of the umbrella, golf clubs are all thrown away.

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